Special Senses
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| Special Senses | Organs & Sensory receptors associated w/ touch - vision - hearing - taste- smell
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| Sensory Receptors | special structures stimulated by change in environment
- found all over the body, skin connective tissue
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| Sensory Receptor Locations - Touch | tactile, feel pain, pressure, temp
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| Sensory Receptor Locations - Visceral | on internal organs
- feel thirsty, hungry
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| xSensory Receptor Locations - Vision | Sight
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| Sensory Receptor Locations - hearing | hearing
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| Sensory Receptor Locations - Olfactory | smell
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| Sensory Receptor Locations - Gustatory | taste
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| Sensory Receptor Locations - Balance | balance
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| Special Senses Actions | sense organ is stimulated
- impulse carried along nerve pathway to brain where interpreted & referred back to sense organ
"projection of the sensation"
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| Eye Characteristics | 1" diameter, sphere shaped, moved by muscles, protected by bone
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| Eye Location | in orbit formed by maxilla, zygomatiic, frontal sphenoid & ethmoid bone
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| Eye - Lacrimal Glands/Tear Ducts - Function | bathe eye in fluid
maintain moisture
cleanse
located above lateral area of eye
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| Eye - Conjunctiva - function & location | secretes mucous & lubricates thin membrane lining eyelids & part of eye
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| Eye Layers & Functions - Sclera | - white of eye
- in the outer eye
- tough, maintains shape & protects
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| Eye Layers & Functions -Muscles | controlled by extrinsic muscles
*movement of eye
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| Eye Layers & Functions - Cornea | has no blood vessels in it, "window"
- in center of sclera
- functions: transparent, lets light in, refracts (bends) light as it comes through the window
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| Choroid - Middle layer - function | has blood vessels & dark pigment
non-refractive
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| Choroid - Middle layer -Pupil | - circular opening (black part)
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| Choroid - Middle layer -Iris | colored layer - muscular- surrounds pupil- eye color related to pigment
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| Choroid - Middle layer -Iris - Intrinsic Muscles | Intrinsic muscles- 2 sets of muscle in iris control light entering
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| Choroid - Lens | transparent, membrane like structure, directly behind iris & pupil
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| Choroid - Lens - Suspensory Ligaments | holds lens in place
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| Choroid - Lens - Refractions | refracts light
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| Choroid - Lens - Accomodation | ability of lens to adjust shape in order to focus
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| Choroid - Lens - Chambers | lens situatied between 2 chambers which help maintain shape
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| Choroid - Lens - Anterior Chamber | filled w watery fluid called Aqueous Humor
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| Choroid - Lens - Posterior Chamber | filled w jelly like fluid Viterous Humor
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| Retina - |
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| Retina - functions | transparent, light sensitive
*light rays from object for images here**
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| Retina - Visual Receptor Cells | found on//around retina
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| Retina - Visual Receptor Cells - Rods | much more sensitive to light, provide vision in dim lighting
produces colorless vision
sensitive to light
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| Retina - Visual Receptor Cells - Cones | detect color & sharp images bright light
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| Retina - Visual Receptor Cells - Macula | center of retina
contains Fovea Centralis
*has cones for color vision**
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| Retina - Optic Disc | pale disc where nerve fibers gathers & enter optic nerve
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| Retina - Optic Disc - Blind Spot | b/c optic disc has no rods/cones, so no visual receptors = no vision
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| Retina - Optic Chiasm | where 2 optic nerves cross
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| Eve Nerves (3) - Oculomotor | eye movement
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| Eye Nerves Trochlear | eye movement
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| Eye Nerves - Optic | vision
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| Vision process | light goes into -> cornea -> pupil -> lens/light rays bend (refract) light -> retina/image formed -> Rods & Cones pick up stimuli -> optic disc -> optic nerve -> optic chiasma ->alonng optic tracts - occopital lobe of brain
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| Eye Disorders - night blindness | problem w rod, ssensitivity is low, occurs w age & low vitamin A
age= no improvement
Vitamin A= can improve
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| Eye Disorders Color blindness | different kinds, depends on which colors effected
*congenital, born with it
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| Eye Disorders - Conjunctivitus | pink eye
inflammation of membrane in front of eye
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| Eye Disorders - Glaucoma | excessive intraoccular pressure
-pressure under eye
- oculiohumor fluid - rate of production greater than rate of removal
- results - destruction of retinaa & damage to optic nerve
- no early onset of symptoms
- early detection important
- more in a
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