Chapter 1 Tortora, Funke & Case 10th Edition
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye.
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| Types of microbes (smallest to largest) | show 🗑
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| Marine and freshwater microorganisms function to... | show 🗑
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| Soil microbes function to.... | show 🗑
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| What is photosynthesis? | show 🗑
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| Humans and many other animals depend on microbes for... | show 🗑
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| show | vitamins, organic acids, enzymes, alcohols, and many drugs.
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| Military application of microorganisms in WWI... | show 🗑
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| Food industry applications of microorganisms.... | show 🗑
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| Pathogenic | show 🗑
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| show | the first name used in scientific nomenclature assigned to each organism. It is always capitalized.
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| Specific epithet (species) | show 🗑
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| Staphlo- | show 🗑
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| coccus | show 🗑
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| aureus | show 🗑
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| Escherichia coli is named after | show 🗑
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| show | relatively simple, single-celled (unicellular) organisms. Cell wall contains a protein-carbohydrate complex called peptidoglycan; their genetic material is not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane.
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| Prokaryotes | show 🗑
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| show | appendages that allow many bacteria to "swim"
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| show | Consist of prokaryotic cells, if they have cell walls, the walls lack peptidoglycan; found in extreme environments. Consist of Methanogens, Halophiles, and Thermophiles
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| show | one of three archaea that live in extreme environments; they produce methane as a waste product from respiration. Not known to cause disease in humans.
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| Extreme halophiles halo = salt; philic = loving | show 🗑
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| Extreme thermophiles therm = heat | show 🗑
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| show | eukaryotic (contain distinct nucleus containing DNA), surrounded by nuclear membrane. May be unicellular or multicellular. Cell walls are composed primarily of chitin; can reproduce sexually or asexually.
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| show | unicellular eukaryotic microbes; reproduce sexually or asexually
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| show | photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety of shapes and both sexual and asexual reproductive forms.
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| Viruses | show 🗑
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| show | parasitic worms (flatworms and roundworms); during some stage in their life cycle, they are microscopic in size.
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| show | all living things are composed of cells
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| show | a belief that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter
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| show | spontaneous generation; using a controlled experiment.
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| show | the claim that living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells
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| show | technique that prevents contamination by unwanted microorganisms
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| show | microorganisms called yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air; discovered by Pasteur
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| show | the process of heating solution enough to kill most of the bacteria that causes spoilage and disease
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| show | the theory that microorganisms might cause disease
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| Koch’s postulates | show 🗑
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| show | protection from disease provided by vaccination or previous infection
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| Chemotherapy | show 🗑
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| Antibiotics | show 🗑
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| show | chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory
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| show | the study of bacteria; includes Gram Positive (Staph, Strep, Bacillus,) Gram neg (E.coli, Salmonella,) Mycobacteria (TB and leprosy,) Spirochetes (Syphilis, Lyme disease,) and others (Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)
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| show | the study of fungi; includes the study of Fungi, Yeast (single cell), and Multi-cellular (mushrooms and molds.) Used in medicine, agricultural, and ecological branches.
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| Parasitology | show 🗑
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| show | the study of viruses; Includes Acellular, DNA Viruses (Herpes, Pox viruses,) RNA Viruses (Polio, rabies, influenza,) and Prions (Mad Cow disease)
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| Genomics | show 🗑
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| Immunology | show 🗑
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| show | a form of artificial DNA that is created by combining sequences that would not normally occur together through the process of gene splicing; it can be used to mass produce desired proteins.
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| show | studies the mechanisms by which microorganisms inherit traits
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| Microbial biology | show 🗑
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| show | the process of using microbes to clean up pollutants and toxic wastes produced by various industrial processes.
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| show | the practical application of using microorganisms commercial to produce common foods and chemicals
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| show | inserting a missing gene or replacing a defective one in human cells
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| show | normal flora, cause no harm and in some cases can be beneficial
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| show | emerging infectious diseases; examples include: bird flu ('05), monkeypox ('03), SARS ('03), West Nile Fever ('01), Mad Cow Disease('96, Ebola (95),...HIV-AIDS ('78-'79)
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| show | Koch's postulates
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| show | a gelatinous substance derived from a polysaccharide that accumulates in the cell walls of agarophyte red algae
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| show | a polysaccharide found in the outer skeleton of insects, crabs, shrimps, and lobsters
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| show | the process in which genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA solution.
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| What are Biofilms | show 🗑
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| 5 Disciplines of Microbiology | show 🗑
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| Prions are | show 🗑
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