Vocab Quiz 1
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| exocrine glands | duct glans that empty onto epithelial surfaces
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| endocrine glands | ductless glands that secrete products into interstitial fluid, diffuse into blood
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| paracrines | local hormones that act on neighboring cells, beside or near
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| autocrines | local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
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| steroid hormones | lipid-soluble, derived from cholesterol, diversity of function
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| amine hormones | water-soluble, synthesized by decarboxylating, modifying amino acids
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| peptide hormones | water-soluble, amino acid polymers
ex:antidiuretic hormone; 3 to 49aa's
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| eicosanoid hormone | (twenty forms, resembling) water-soluble, derived from arachidonic acid, 20-carbon fatty acid. 2 types: prostaglandis & leukotrienes.
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| transport proteins | lipid-soluble hormone molecules bound to this. Synthesized by cells in liver.
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| adenohypophysis | (gland, undergrowth) aka anterior pituitary . Secrete hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily activities from growth to reproduction
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| neurohypophysis | aka posterior pituitary. two parts: pors nervousa(bulber portion) & infundibulum. Doesn't synthesize hormones, does store & release two hormones
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| gonadotrophins | (seed)Anterior pituitary cells. Secrete FSH & LH. Stimulate secretion of estrogen & progesterone, matur of oocytes(ovaries), sperm prod & secretion of testosterone in the testes
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| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood glucose conc. stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHRH
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| hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood glucose conc. stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHIH, while inhibiting production of GHRH
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| antidiuretic hormone | (against,increased urine prod) causes kidneys to return more water to blood, decreasing urine volume
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| calorigenic effect | as cells produce & use ATP more heat is given off, body temp rises. Thyroid helps maintain normal body temp
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| parathormone | parathyroid hormone(PTH) regulates calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in the blood
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| calcitriol | PTH promotes formation of this, also known as active form of vitamin D; increases rate of Ca2+, HPO42-, Mg2+ absorption from gastrointestinal tract into the blood
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| mineralocorticoids | hormones secreted by zona fasciculata, which affect mineral homeostasis
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| glucocorticoids | hormones secreted by zona fasciculata, which affect glucose homeostasis
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| androgens | steroid hormones that have masculinizing effects
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| melatonin | amine hormone derived from serotonin. Contributes to setting of the biological clock
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| eustress | prepares us to meet challenges, thus is helpful
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| acromegaly | hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood
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| diabetes insipidus | (overflow;tasteless) dysfuction of the posterior pituitary due to defects in antidiuretic hormone receptors or an inability to secrete ADH
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| myxedema | hypothyroidism during adulthood. Edema(accumulation of interstitial fluid) that causes facial tissue swell.
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| exophthalmos | causes eyes to protrude, graves' patients often have this peculiar edema
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| goiter | (throat) is an enlarged thyroid gland
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| cushing's syndrome | hypersecrection of cortisol by adrenal cortex. codition characterized by breakdown of muscle proteins, and redistribution of body fat
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| diabetes mellitus | most common endocrine disorder caused by an inability to produce or use insulin
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| ketoacidsis | buildup of ketones causes blood pH to fall (condition can cause death if not treated quickly)
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| gynecomastia | excessive development of mammary glands in a male
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| hirosutism | presence of excessive body and facial hair in a male pattern, especially in women; may be due to excess androgen production due to tumors or drugs
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| virilizing adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland that liberates excessive androgens, causing virilism (masculinization) in females. Occasionally, adrenal tumor cells liberate estrogens to the extent that a male patient develops gynecomastia (called feminizing adenoma)
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| hematology | branch of science concerned with the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them
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| hematocrit | the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs. a hemacrit of 40 indicates 40% of the volume of blood is composed of RBCs. normal ranges: 38-46% (42 average) for adult females and 40-54% (47 average) for adult males
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| hemopoiesis | the process by which the formed elements of blood develop or hematopoiesis
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| erythropoietin | or EPO increases the number of red blood cell precursors. produced primarily by cells in the kidneys that lie between the kidney tubules (peritubular interstitial cells)
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| thrombopoietin | or TPO is a hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets (thrombocytes) from megakaryocytes
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| hypoxia | cellular oxygen deficiency may occur if too little oxygen enters the blood
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| reticulocyte count | the rate of erythropoiesis is measured. reticulocytes account for about .5-1.5% of all RBCs in a normal blood sample
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| leukocytosis | is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding. has to be quick
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| serum | the straw colored liquid is simply blood plasma minus the clotting proteins
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| plasmin | an active plasma enzyme
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| thrombus | the clot itself
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| embolus | a blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or a piece of debris transported by the blood stream
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| warfarin | acts as an antagonist to vitamin K and thus blocks synthesis of four clotting factors
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Created by:
rmr31