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HAP2 Quiz 1
Vocab Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| exocrine glands | duct glans that empty onto epithelial surfaces |
| endocrine glands | ductless glands that secrete products into interstitial fluid, diffuse into blood |
| paracrines | local hormones that act on neighboring cells, beside or near |
| autocrines | local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them |
| steroid hormones | lipid-soluble, derived from cholesterol, diversity of function |
| amine hormones | water-soluble, synthesized by decarboxylating, modifying amino acids |
| peptide hormones | water-soluble, amino acid polymers ex:antidiuretic hormone; 3 to 49aa's |
| eicosanoid hormone | (twenty forms, resembling) water-soluble, derived from arachidonic acid, 20-carbon fatty acid. 2 types: prostaglandis & leukotrienes. |
| transport proteins | lipid-soluble hormone molecules bound to this. Synthesized by cells in liver. |
| adenohypophysis | (gland, undergrowth) aka anterior pituitary . Secrete hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily activities from growth to reproduction |
| neurohypophysis | aka posterior pituitary. two parts: pors nervousa(bulber portion) & infundibulum. Doesn't synthesize hormones, does store & release two hormones |
| gonadotrophins | (seed)Anterior pituitary cells. Secrete FSH & LH. Stimulate secretion of estrogen & progesterone, matur of oocytes(ovaries), sperm prod & secretion of testosterone in the testes |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood glucose conc. stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHRH |
| hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood glucose conc. stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHIH, while inhibiting production of GHRH |
| antidiuretic hormone | (against,increased urine prod) causes kidneys to return more water to blood, decreasing urine volume |
| calorigenic effect | as cells produce & use ATP more heat is given off, body temp rises. Thyroid helps maintain normal body temp |
| parathormone | parathyroid hormone(PTH) regulates calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in the blood |
| calcitriol | PTH promotes formation of this, also known as active form of vitamin D; increases rate of Ca2+, HPO42-, Mg2+ absorption from gastrointestinal tract into the blood |
| mineralocorticoids | hormones secreted by zona fasciculata, which affect mineral homeostasis |
| glucocorticoids | hormones secreted by zona fasciculata, which affect glucose homeostasis |
| androgens | steroid hormones that have masculinizing effects |
| melatonin | amine hormone derived from serotonin. Contributes to setting of the biological clock |
| eustress | prepares us to meet challenges, thus is helpful |
| acromegaly | hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood |
| diabetes insipidus | (overflow;tasteless) dysfuction of the posterior pituitary due to defects in antidiuretic hormone receptors or an inability to secrete ADH |
| myxedema | hypothyroidism during adulthood. Edema(accumulation of interstitial fluid) that causes facial tissue swell. |
| exophthalmos | causes eyes to protrude, graves' patients often have this peculiar edema |
| goiter | (throat) is an enlarged thyroid gland |
| cushing's syndrome | hypersecrection of cortisol by adrenal cortex. codition characterized by breakdown of muscle proteins, and redistribution of body fat |
| diabetes mellitus | most common endocrine disorder caused by an inability to produce or use insulin |
| ketoacidsis | buildup of ketones causes blood pH to fall (condition can cause death if not treated quickly) |
| gynecomastia | excessive development of mammary glands in a male |
| hirosutism | presence of excessive body and facial hair in a male pattern, especially in women; may be due to excess androgen production due to tumors or drugs |
| virilizing adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland that liberates excessive androgens, causing virilism (masculinization) in females. Occasionally, adrenal tumor cells liberate estrogens to the extent that a male patient develops gynecomastia (called feminizing adenoma) |
| hematology | branch of science concerned with the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them |
| hematocrit | the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs. a hemacrit of 40 indicates 40% of the volume of blood is composed of RBCs. normal ranges: 38-46% (42 average) for adult females and 40-54% (47 average) for adult males |
| hemopoiesis | the process by which the formed elements of blood develop or hematopoiesis |
| erythropoietin | or EPO increases the number of red blood cell precursors. produced primarily by cells in the kidneys that lie between the kidney tubules (peritubular interstitial cells) |
| thrombopoietin | or TPO is a hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets (thrombocytes) from megakaryocytes |
| hypoxia | cellular oxygen deficiency may occur if too little oxygen enters the blood |
| reticulocyte count | the rate of erythropoiesis is measured. reticulocytes account for about .5-1.5% of all RBCs in a normal blood sample |
| leukocytosis | is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding. has to be quick |
| serum | the straw colored liquid is simply blood plasma minus the clotting proteins |
| plasmin | an active plasma enzyme |
| thrombus | the clot itself |
| embolus | a blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or a piece of debris transported by the blood stream |
| warfarin | acts as an antagonist to vitamin K and thus blocks synthesis of four clotting factors |
Created by:
rmr31