chapter 24
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| show | brain and the spinal cord
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| show | cortex
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| Name the parts of the brain | show 🗑
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| show | brainstem
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| What does the brainstem consist of | show 🗑
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| show | cerebrum
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| show | forebrain
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| show | into lobes and lobules
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| What is the stemlike portion that connects the cerebrum and the pons and cerebellum | show 🗑
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| show | cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata
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| show | longitudinal sulcus
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| What is the name of the fluid filled cavity that is contained in each of the cerebral hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | third ventricle
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| What gland is the mastery endocrine gland of the body and is inferior to the diencephalon | show 🗑
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| show | in the hypophyseal of the sella turcica
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| show | pons
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| What extends between the pons and the spinal cord, and forms the lower portion of the hindbrain | show 🗑
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| What extends from the brain where it connects to the medulla oblongata at the level of the foramen magnum | show 🗑
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| To what level do the spinal cord extends | show 🗑
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| show | in the pointed extremity called the conus medullaris
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| How long is the adult spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | 31
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| What are the nerves transmitted through | show 🗑
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| show | horse's tail, cauda equina
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| show | transmit and receive sensory, motor, and reflex messages to and from the brain
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| What is the inner sheath of the spinal cord called | show 🗑
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| What is the latin name for the inner sheath of the spinalcord | show 🗑
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| What is the central sheath of the spinal cord called | show 🗑
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| show | CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
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| What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid | show 🗑
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| show | dura mater
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| show | hard mother
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| show | the strong fibrous covering of the brain and spinal cord
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| How far do the dura mata extends | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the dura mater | show 🗑
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| How are the spinal nerves prolonged | show 🗑
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| show | the dura sac
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| show | the cauda equina
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| show | right and left lateral ventricles
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| show | the body
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| show | anteriorly, posteriorly, and inferiorly into hornlike portions
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| show | by a channel called the interventricular foramen
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| show | third ventricle
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| show | fourth ventricle
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| show | anterior to the cerebellum and posterior to the pons
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| show | fourth ventricle
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| show | radiographs of the cerebral and visceral cranium and rhe vertebral column
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| Why are radiograohs obtained | show 🗑
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| show | radiographs of the spine
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| show | because the contrast agents used in myelography may obscure some abnomalities
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| what complements the myelographic examination and often provide additional information | show 🗑
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| What is myelography | show 🗑
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| show | by introducing a nonionic, water soluable contrast medium into the subarachnoid space by spinal puncture
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| Where does the spinal puncture of the myelography take place | show 🗑
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| What are the term for the injection into the subarachnoid space | show 🗑
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| What basis are the myelographs performed | show 🗑
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| show | 4 to 8 hrs
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| What has largely replaced myelographs | show 🗑
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| What do myelography demonstrates | show 🗑
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| What is useful in identifying narrowing of the subarachnoid space by evaluating the dynamic flow of the CSF | show 🗑
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| What type of contrast was introduced in 1942 | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | non water soluable contrast media
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| What water soluable agents have commonly been used for myelography | show 🗑
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| show | the use of contrast media
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| What can cause severe and fatal neurtoxic reactions | show 🗑
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| show | seperately from other agents
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| show | 3 times
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| show | True
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| What should the appropriate completed documentation contain | show 🗑
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| What is the responsibility of the radiographer before the patient arrive | show 🗑
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| show | table, and overhead equipment
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| show | footboard, padded shoulder supports
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| What should be locked so it cannot accidently come in contact with the spinal needle, sterile field, or both | show 🗑
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| Where is the spinal puncture and contrast medium injection performed | show 🗑
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| show | fluoroscopic
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| What size is the spinal guage needle | show 🗑
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| Where is the 20 to 22 guage needle for the spinal puncture and contrast medium injected | show 🗑
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| show | the subarachnoid space
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| show | explain the details of the myelograph
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| What should the patient be informed about the radijograph table | show 🗑
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| What images are often requested after the examination procedure | show 🗑
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| show | placed on the table in the prone position
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| What position of the patient do the physicians perfer to widen the interspinous spaces for easier introduction of the needle | show 🗑
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| show | CSF
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| show | 9 to 12 mL
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| show | the angulationof the table
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| What is taken throughout the procedure | show 🗑
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| For the conus projection in the AP position where is the central ray centered | show 🗑
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| True or False: The conus projection in the AP position used a cassette | show 🗑
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| Why is the position of the patient's head important in a cervical myelograph | show 🗑
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| show | acute extension of the head
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| Where sre the patients monitored after the procedure | show 🗑
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| show | 30 to 45 degrees
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| show | bedrest, plenty of fluids, puncture site examined before patient is released from the recovery area
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| show | CT
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| What allows for the changes of density and contrast of an image | show 🗑
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| How is the CT examination of the brain commonly performed | show 🗑
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| show | 8 to 10mm
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| show | CT scans of the brain
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| show | preinfusion and postinfusion
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| What are common indications of CT of the brain without an IV infusion of contrast material include______ | show 🗑
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| What is particularly useful for demonstrating the size, location, and configuration of mass lesions, hematomas, and aneurysums | show 🗑
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| What examination that can clearly demonstrate the size,number, and location of fracture fragments in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine | show 🗑
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| show | CT
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| show | CTM (computed tomography of myelography)
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| show | CTM
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| show | MRI
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| show | MRI
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| What procedures do not require intrathecal injection of a contrast agent | show 🗑
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| Which modality is basically blind to bone, unlike other conventional radiographic imaging modalities | show 🗑
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| show | MRI
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| show | gadolinium
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| show | a magnetic field
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| MRI should not be used on patients with what devices | show 🗑
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| How is angiography used | show 🗑
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| show | 1.3 mm
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| What is the minimal magnification focal size of an angiographic x-ray tube | show 🗑
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| show | a nonionic water soluble contrast agent is injected into the vessels and rapid sequence images are obtained for evaluation
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| What involves the placement of various coils, medications, filters, stents and other devices to treat a particular problem or provide therapy | show 🗑
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| What are some therapeutic devices used in the cardiovascular ad interventional areas | show 🗑
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| show | Diskography and nucleography
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| what is used in the investiation of internal disk lesion, such as rupture of he nucleus pulposus | show 🗑
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| What have largely replaced diskography | show 🗑
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| What procedures used to treat spinal compression fractures and other pathologies of the vertebral bodies that do not respond to conserative treatment | show 🗑
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| What is defined as the injection of a radiopaque bone cement into a painful compression fracture under fluoroscopic guidance | show 🗑
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| What is advanced into the fractured vertebral body under fluoroscopy in the percutaneous vertebralplasty | show 🗑
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| show | cement
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| show | the AP and lateral projections
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| How do the kyphoplsty differ from the percutaneous kyphoplasty | show 🗑
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| show | kyphoplasty
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| show | 80 to 90 percent
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| show | leakage of cement before it hardens
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| show | embolism and death
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| What should discusse with the patient about the vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures | show 🗑
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| show | educated in these procedures and make sure that an informed consent has been documented
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| show | angiograhy
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| show | arachnoid
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| show | brain
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| A collection of nerves licated iin the spinal canal inferior to the spinal ccord | show 🗑
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| The part of the brain located in he posterior cranial fossa behind the brainstem | show 🗑
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| The fluid that flows through and protect the ventricles, subarachnoid space, brain, and spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | crebrum
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| show | conus medullaris
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| The outer most surface of the brain | show 🗑
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| The tough outer layer of the meninges, which lines the cranial cavity and spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | epidural space
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| show | gadolinium
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| The portion ofthe brain within the posterior fossa; it includes the pons, medulla oblongata and cerebrum | show 🗑
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| show | interventional radiology
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| show | intrathecal injection
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| show | kyphoplasty
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| An oval shaped area of the brain anterior to the medulla oblongata | show 🗑
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| show | slices
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| show | spinal cord
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| An interventional radiology procedure used to treat vertebral body compression fractures by stabilizing bone fragments with cement | show 🗑
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Created by:
rachel43