CHAPTER 39
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| WHAT ARE SOME COMCEPTS FOR BODY MECHANICS? | *GOOD BODLY ALIGMENT OR POSTURE *GOOD BALANCE *GOOD COORDINATED BODY MOVEMENT *GOOD POSTURAL REFLEXES
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| WHAT IS GOOD BODY ALIGNMENT OR POSTURE? | IT PERMITS OPTIMAL MUSCULOSKELETAL BALANCE AND OPERATION; PROMOTES HEALTHY PHYSIOLIC FUNCTIONING
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| WHAT IS GOOD BALANCE? | *CENTER OF GRAVITY IS TO BASE AND GOES THROUGH THE BASE OF SUPPORT, IN WHICH PROVIDES FOUNDATION FOR STABILITY
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| WHAT IS GOOD COORDINATIED BODY MOVEMENT? | *WHEN YOU USE MAJOR MUSCLE GROUP, THE BODY'S NATURAL LEVERS FULCRUM (HELPS DIRECT MOVEMENT)
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| WHAT IS GOOD PASTURAL REFLEXES? | *INTERGRATED FUNCTIONING OF THE MUSCLOSKELTAL AND NEVEROUS SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL FOR BODY ALIGMENT AND BALANCE
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| WHAT IS LABYRINTHINE? | A POSTION AND MOVEMENT FOUND IN THE SENSORY ORGANS IN THE INNER EAR, STIMULATED AND TRASMITTED TO THE CEREBELLUM
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| WHAT IS THE PROPRIOCEPTOR AND KINESTHETIC SENSE? | THIS INFORMS THE BRAIN OF THE LOCATION OF A LIMB
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| WHAT IS THE VISUAL OR OPTIC REFLEXES? | ALERTS THE PERSON TO SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ENVIROMENT
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| WHAT IS THE EXTENSOR OR STRETCH REFLEXES? | WHEN A PERSON IS STRETCHED PAST THEIR POINT, THEIR STIMULATION CASUES A REFLEX CONTRATION THAT LETS THE PERSON GO BACK TO THEIR ERECT POSTURE
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| WHAT ARE SOME ROLES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM IN MOVEMENT? | *SUPPORTS SOFT TISSUE *PROTECTS DELICATE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY *FURNISHES STORGE AREA FOR MINERAL SALTS AND FATS *PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS
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| WHAT ARE SOME TYPES OF BONES IN THE SKELETAL SYSTEM? | *LONG *SHORT *FLAT *IRREGULAR
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLE OF A LONG BONE? | FOUND IN THE UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES: HUMERUS AND FEMUR
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLE OF SHORT BONES? | FOUND IN THE WRIST AND ANKLE: CONTRIBUTE TO MOVEMENT
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF FALT BONES? | RELATIVELY THIN: SKULL AND RIBS; THEY CONTRIBUTE TO SHAPE
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF IRREGULAR BONES? | EVERYTHING ELSE THAT IS LEFT: BONES OF THE SPINALCOLUMN AND JAW
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| WHAT IS ABDUCTION? | \ / SUBTRACT
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| WHAT IS ADDUCTION? | / \ ADD
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| WHAT IS FLEXION? | \ AWAY
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| WHAT IS EXTENSION? | / INTO
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| WHAT IS ROTATION? | 0 AROUND
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| WHAT IS SUPINATION? | SUPINE (PALMS UP)
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| WHAT IS PRONATION? | PRONE (PALMS DOWN)
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| WHAT IS INVERSION? | SOLE OF FOOT INWARD (IN ANKLE)
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| WHAT IS EVERSION? | SOLE OF THE FOOT OUTWARD (IN ANKLE)
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| WHAT IS DORSIFLEXION? | BACKWARD BENDING OF THE HAND OR FOOT
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| WHAT IS PLANTAR FLEXION? | FOOTDROP POSITION (FLEXION)
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| WHAT ARE SIX TYPES OF JOINTS? | (1) BALL-AND-SOCKET (2) CANDYLOID (3) GLIDING (4) HINGE (5) PIVOT (6) SADDLE
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| WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS? | SHOULDER AND HIP
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| WHAT ARE EXAMPLE OF CANYLOID JOINTS? | WRIST
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| WHATE ARE EXAMPLES OF GLIDING JOINTS? | CARPAL OR TORSAL; BONES OF WRIST OR FOOT
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| WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF HINGE JOINTS? | ELBOW AND KNEE
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| WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF PIVOT JOINTS? | JOINT BETWEEN RADIUS AND ULNA
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| WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF SADDLE JOINTS? | METACARPAL OF THUMB (ALLOWS SIDE TO SIDE MOVEMENT)
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| WHAT DOES THE MUSCLE SYSTEM DO? | THE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
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| WHAT ARE SOME ROLES OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM? | *PROVIDE MOTION *HELP MAINTAIN POSTURE *THEY SUPPLY HEAT PRODUCTION
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| WHAT ARE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES? | (1) SKELETAL (2) SMOOTH OR VISCERAL (3) CARDIAC
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| WHAT IS THE SKELETAL MUSLES? | *MUSCLES AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COMPRISES INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES ORGANS (TRICEPTS, BICEPS, AND HOMSTRINGS) * MOVEMENTS OF THESE MUSCLES (CONTRATIONS) CAUSES BONES TO MOVE
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| WHAT ARE THE TWO POINTS OF ATTACHMENT OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLES? | (1) POINT OF ORIGIN (ATTACHMENT TO THE MORE STATIONARY BONE) (2) POINT OF INSERTION (ATTACHMENT TO THE MORE MOVABLE BONE)
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| WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NURVOUS SYSTEM? | NERVE IMPULSES STIMUALTE MUSCLES TO CONTRACT
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| WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ON MUSCLE CONTRATION? | *AFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM CONVEYS INFORMATION FOR RECEPTORS IN THE PERIPHERY OF THE BODY TO THE CNS *NEURONS CONDUCT IMPULSES FROM ONE PART OF THE BODY TO ANOTHER *INFORMATION IS PROCESSED BY THE CNS *EFFERENT SYSTEM SENDS THE RESPONSE FROM CNS TO SKELETAL
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| WHAT ARE THE DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN INFANT? | *AT 3 MONTHS MAY RISE CHEST *AT 5 MONTHS HEAD CONTROL IS USUALLY ACHIEVED *SPINE AND EXTREMITIES ARE FLEXED *JOINTS COMPLETE ROM *WEIGHT UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED(POOR BALANCE) *POSTURE IS AWKWARD
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| WHAT ARE THE DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR A TODDLER? | *AGE 15 MONTHS MOST CAN WALK * 18MONTHS MOST CAN RUN * 2 YEARS CAN JUMP *SWAYBACK WITH POPBELLY *FEET EVERTED/INVERTED *WIDE BASE *WALKING, RUNNING, AND JUMPING *LATER, POSTURE APPEARS LESS AWKWARD AND CERVICAL AND LUMBAR CURVATURES IS LESS ACCENTUATED
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| WHAT ARE THE DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR A CHILD? | *AGE 4 WAL KBACKWARDS *AGE 5 JUMP OFF HEIGHTS *SLIMMER *TALLER *BETTER BALANCE *REDUCE POPBELLY *MORE COORINATED *STAIRS, SKIPPING JUMPING ROPE *FEET CLOSER TOGETHER *ALL MECHANISMS FOR PHYSICAL LOCOMOTION IS ACQUIRED
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| WHAT ARE THE DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADOLESCENTS? | *GROWTH SPURT *BONES GROW FASTER THAN MUSCLES *GIRLS: HIPS WIDEN, FAT DEPOSITES *BOYS: LONG BONES LENGTHEN, CHEST AND UPPER ARMS
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| WHAT ARE THE DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE ADULT? | *STANDS AND SITS ERECT *MENS MUCLES PEEK IN MID 30'S AND THROUGHOUT THEIR 50'S *MUSCLE STRENGTH IS NOT NOTICED UNTIL 70'S
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| WHAT ARE THE DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE OLDER ADULT? | LOSS BONE TISSUE; FRAGILE *BAD CARTILAGE * DECREASE ROM *JOINT DISEASE *SLOWER SMALLER STEPS *MINERALIZATION SLOWS *GREATER FLEXATION OF CERVIAL VERTEBRAE
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| WHAT ARE SOME POSTURAL ABNORMALTIES OF THE MUSULOSKELETAL SYSTEM? | *HIP DYSPLASIA * CLUBFOOT * SCOLIOSIS *KYPHOSIS
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| WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS THAT COULD OCCURE WITH BONE FORMATIONS AND MUSCLE FORMATION? | *COGENITAL PROBLEMS *DIETARY PROBLEMS *DISEASE RELATED PROMBLEMS *AGE-RELATED PROBLEMS *MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PROBLEMS THAT OCCURE COGENITAL? | *ACHONDROPLASIS(DWARF) *oSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PROBLEMS THAT OCCURE DIETARY? | *VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY(RICKETTS)
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PROBLEMS THAT OCCURE DISEASES? | *PAGETS DISEASE(EXCESSIVE BONE DESTRUCTION)
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PROBLEMS THAT OCCURE AGE-RELATED? | *OSTEOPROSIS
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PROBLEMS THAT OCCURE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES? | *DGENERATION *WEAKNESS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
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| WHAT IS THE NURSES RESPONSEABILITIES FOR BONE AND MUSCLE FORMATION PROBLEMS? | *WORK WELL WITH OTHER HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS *PATIENT EDUCATION AIMED AT OPTIMAL MOBILITY *FAMILY EDUCATION
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| WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS WITH JOINT MOBILITY? | *INFLAMATION LEADING TO ARTHRITIS (>20 INFLAMATION IN 1 OR MORE JOINTS) *DEGENERATION LEADING TO OSTEOARTHRITIS (NON INFLAMMATORY) *TRAUMA LEADING TO SPRAINTS, TEARS, OR RUPTURES
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| WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS THAT WOULD AFFECT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM? | *SEVERE HEAD TRAMA; MAY DAMAGE MOTOR CORTEX *CVA'S; TEMP OR PERMANENT DAMAGE *DISEASES; PARKINSONS(DECREASE BASAL GANGLIA) MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (DEREASE MYELIN SHEATH) *STROKE
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| WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS THAT COULD AFFECT THE MUSCULOSKELETALSYSTEM? | *FRACTURES; BREAK IN BONE OR CARTILAGE *SOFT TISSUE INJURIES; SPRAINS, STRAINS, DISLOCATIONS
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| WHAT ARE SOME THINGS THAT WOULD AFFECT OTHER BODY SYSTEMS? | OXYGENATION AFFECTING DISEASE; ANEMIA, ANGINA, COPD *DISEASES RESULTING IN MUSCLE WASTING; CANCER, ANOREXIA *IMMOBILITY ASSOCIATED WITH BED REST
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| WHAT ARE SOME OTHER FACTORS? | *MENTAL HEALTH; DEPRESSION *LIFESTYLE; ACTIVE VS SEDENTARY, CULTURAL, OCCUPATION *ATTITUDES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS *FATIGUE AND STRESS; DECRESED BODY ENERGY *EXTERNAL FACTORS; WEATHER,$, NEIGHBOROHOODS
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| WHAT IS ISOTONIC EXERCISE? | INVOLVES MUSCLE SHORTING AND ACTIVE MOVEMENT, CIRCULATION AND OSTEOBLAST ACTIVITY
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ISOTONIC EXERCISE? | *SWIMMING *WALKING *JOGGING *BIYCLING
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| WHAT IS ISOMETRIC EXERCISES? | CONTRATION OF MUSCLES WITHOUT SHORTING, CIRCULATION AND OSTEOBLAST ACTIVITY
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLESOF ISOMETRIC EXERCISES? | CONTRATIONS OF THE QUADS AND GLUTS
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| WHAT IS ISOKENTIC EXERCISES? | INVOLVES CONTRATIONS WITH RESISTANCE
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ISOKENTIC EXERCISES? | REHAB FOR THE KNEE AND ELBOW
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| WHAT ARE THE FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENT EXERCISES? | (1) AEROBIC (2) STRETCHING (3) STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE (4) MOVEMENT AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF AEROBIC EXERCISES? | *SWIMMING (INCREASE BLOOD FLOW)
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF STRETCHING? | *YOGA *DANCE(STRETCHED ONLY THROUGH ROM, INCREASE FLEXIBILITY, ROM AND CIRCULATION)
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE? | *WEIGHT TRAINING *SOME ISOMETRIC EXERCISES(INCREASES POWER OF MS SYSTEM AND GENERAL BODY IMPROVEMENT)
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF MOVEMENT AND ADL'S? | *HOUSEHOLD CLEANING(CONTRIBUTE TO ACTIVE LIFESTYLE)
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| WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL BENIFITS OF EXERCISES? | *IMPROVE CVS *IMPROVED PULMARY FUNCTION *DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE *INCREASE MUSCLE STRENGTH *IMPROVED DIGESTION * INEASE OXYGENATION *WEIGHT CONTROL *INCREASE SKIN *INCREASE MOTABOLSIM
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| WHAT ARE SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF EXERCISE? | *IMPROVED WELL-BEING *SLEEP *SELF-CONCEPT *INCREASE POSTIVE BEHAVIOR *BODY IMAGE
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| WHAT IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR R/T EXERCISE? | *AVOIDING IT!
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE CVS? | *INCREASE CARDIAC WORKLOAD *ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION *VENOUS THROMBOSIS *PREDISPOSTION TO THROMBI
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? | *DECREASE VENTILATORY EFFORT AND INCREASE R SECREATIONS *DECREASE DEPTH AND RATE OF RESPIRATIONS *POOLING OF SECREATIONS(HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE MS SYSTEM? | *MUSCLE ATROPHY *OSTEOPOROSIS *BONE DEFORMATION
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE METABOLIC SYSTEM? | *DECREASE METABOLIC RATE *F AND E INBALANCE *MUSCLE WASTING *ANOREXIA
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE GI SYSTEM? | *POOR DIGESTION *ALTERED PROTEIN *WEIGHT GAIN *CONSTIPATION/FECAL IMPACMENT
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE URINARY SYSTEM? | *UTI'S *RENAL CALCULI *DECREASE URINARY VOLUME *FOLEY CATH INCREASES UTI'S *URINE ALKALIINITY LEADS TO UTI'S
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| WHAT ARE SOME RISK R/T IMMOBILITY PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE IN THE SKIN? | *SKIN BREAKDOWNS *PROLONGED LEADS TO DECUBITUS ULCERS
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTED DATA OPTAINED DURING A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR MOLBILITY? | *GENERAL EASE OF MOVEMENT AND GAIT *ALIGNMENT *JOINT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION *MUSCLE MASS, TONE, AND STENGTH *ENDURENCE
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTED DATA OPTAINED DURING A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR MOBILITY (GENERAL EASE OF MOVEMENT AND GAIT)? | *INVDUNTARY MOVERMENTS(TREMORS) *MOVEMENT(UICK/SURE SLOW/DELIBERATE *ARMS SWING FREELY *GAIT ABNORMALTIES(RISK FOR INJURY) *NOTE ASSISTIVE DEVICES
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTED DATA OPTAINED DURING A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR MOLBILITY (ALIGNMENT)? | *MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL MAY BE INFLUENCED
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTED DATA OPTAINED DURING A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR MOLBILITY (JOINT AND FUNCTION)? | *INSPECT PALAPATE *ASSESS ROM
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTED DATA OPTAINED DURING A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR MOLBILITY (MUSCLE MASS, TONE, AND STRENGTH)? | *NOTE: FLACCIDITY, RIGIDITY, SPASTICITY, PARESIS *MOVEMENT OR BODY PERFORMANCE
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTED DATA OPTAINED DURING A PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FOR MOLBILITY (ENDURANCE)? | *ASSESS ABILITY TO MOVE, TURNIN BED *ABILITY TO MAINTAIN CORRECT ALIGNMENT *ABILITY TO PERFORM SELF-CARE FUNCTIONS
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| WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE DATA FOR DIAGNOSING FOR MOLBILITY? | *RECOGNIZE PROBLEMS THAT MAY AFFECT OTHER AREAS OF FUNCTION(PAIN, INEFFECTIVE HEALTH MAINTANCE, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, SELF CARE) *IDENTIFY COMPLICATIONS THAT PT IS AT GREATEST RISK IN AN EFFORT TOWARD PREVENTION
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| WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR MOLBILITY? | *ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE *IMPAIRED PHYSICAL MOBILITY
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| WHAT ARE SOME POSSIBLE GOALS FOR A PATIENT WITH IMMOBILITY? | *INCREASE ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE *ENCOURAGE SOSIALIZATION *ENCOURAGE SELF-CARE *KEEP GOOD BODY ALIGNMENT *DECREASE INJURYS IN SKIN/MS *MAINTAIN PATIENT AIRWAY *DECREASE AIRWAY SECREATIONS
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| WHAT ARE SOME IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR MOBILITY? | *ADRESS METABOLIC NEEDS: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND WOUND HEALING *RESPIRATIONS: PROMOTE LUNG EXPANSION *CARDIOVASCULAR: PREVENTING ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION AND THROMBUS *MS INERVENTIONS: REGULAR ROM *SKIN: PREVENT PRESSURE ULCERS *ELIMINATION: HYDRATION
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| WHAT ARE SOME COMMON DIEVICES TO PROMOTE CORRECT ALIGNMENT? | *PILLOWS *MATTRESSES *AJUSTABLE BEDS *SIDERAILS *TRAPEZE BAR *SAND BAGS *TROCHANTER ROLLS *SPLINTS *FOOT BOARDS *FOOT BOOTS
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| wHAT ARE SOME IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR POSITIONING? | *TURNING POSITIONS EVERY TWO HOURS *USE TURN SCHEDULE
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| wHAT ARE SOME IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR MOVING AND LIFTING? | *KNOW DOCTORS ORDER *KNOW LIMITATIONS *PAIN MED PRN BEFORE ACTIVITY *BE REALISTIC ANOUT WHAT YOU CAN DO *PROPER BODY MECHANICS *REMOVE OBSTACLES
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| wHAT ARE SOME IMPLEMENTATIONS WHEN ASSISTING WITH AMBULATION? | *RECOGNIZE PESSIBLE NEED FOR PHYSICAL CONDITIONING PRIOR TO AMBULATION *USE QUADRIEPS AND GLUTEAL DRILL SETS *USE PUSHUP TO PREPARE FOR CRUTCH WALKING *DANGLE *EMPLOY ASSISSTANCE OF ANOTHER PERSON *PATIENT SAFETY *NURSE SAFETY
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| HOW WOULD YOU TEACH A PATIENT TO USE STAIRS WITH CRUTCHES? | *GOOD LEG GOES UP *BAD LEG COMES DOWN
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| WHAT IS FOUR POINT GAIT USED FOR? | *PATIAL WEIGHT BEARING IS PERMITTED ON BOTH LEGS *MAXIMAL SUPPORT
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| WHAT IS TWO POINT GAIT USED FOR? | *PARTIAL WEIGHT BEARING IS PERMITED ON BOTH FEET *FASTER THAN FOUR POINT GAIT *LESS SUPORTIVE
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| WHAT IS THREE POINT GAIT USED FOR? | *NON WEIGHT BEARING *REQUIRES GOOD BALANCE *FASTER GAIT *CAN USE WITH WALKER *ARM STENGTH
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| WHAT IS THE SWING THROUGH GAIT USED FOR? | *WEIGHT BEARING *ARM STENGTH *BALANCE *MOST ADVANCED *BODY WEIGHT IS SWONG THROUGH AND PAST THE CRUTCHES
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| WHAT IS THE SWING TO GAIT USED FOR? | *WEIGHT BEARING BOTH FEET *PROVIDES STABILITY *ARM STENGTH *CAN USE WITH WALKER *BOTH CRUTCHES MOVE AHEAD TOGETHER AND THE BODY WEIGHT IS LIFTED TO THE CRUTCHES
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| WHEN A NURSE IS MEASURING FOR CRUTCHES, WHAT ARE TWO WAYS A NURSE CAN MEASURE THE CORRECT SIZE? | (1) PT LIE IN BED MEASURE HEIGHT AND SUBTRACT 16 INCHES (2) MEASURE FROM AZILLA STRAIGHT DOWN TO THE HEEL ADD 1 INCH(2.5CM)
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| WHAT IS THE METHOD "LOG ROLLING" USED FOR? | *PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD OR BACK INJURIES
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| TO DETERMINE IF YOU HAVE GIVEN THE RIGHT EXERCISE TO THE RIGHT PATIENT, WHAT SHOULD THE PATIENT BE ABLE TO DO? | *HAVE THE HEART RATE AT A CERTAIN TIME
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