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cell membrane physiology

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Question
Answer
show encloses every cell, defines the cells extent & maintains difference between its contents &it's environment  
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show * has a selective filter that *maintains unequal concentration of ions on either side *allows nutrients to enter & waste products to leave cell  
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show an assembly of lipid and proteins held together by noncovalent interactions  
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show *the basic structure of cell membrane *serves as impermeable barrier to flow of most water soluble molecules(it does not let water soluble elements in)  
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show *dissolved in lipid bilayer *mediate the functions of the membrane  
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Protein molecules functions   show
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Transport of Ions & Molecules (where)   show
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show 1.*interstitial fluid-spaces between the cells/ 2. Blood plasma fluids-passes out of capillary walls and contains nutrients & gases; removes waste  
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show *enclosed by semipermeable membranes that maintain unequal concentrations of ions on either side of membrane  
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Ways proteins in cell membranes mediate cell function by:   show
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show * Lipid bi-layer * Phospholipid *Amphipathic molecules  
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Lipid Bilayer   show
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show is the main component of the membrane and has bipolar heads, and hydrophobic lipid tails; contains double bonds  
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Amphipathic molecules   show
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show often used for membrane study because they have no organelles or nuclear membranes  
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Red Blood cells contain:   show
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show *2 dimentional fluid that determines its fluidity; increased double bonds increase fluidity; (the more double bonds, the more fluid the membrane which is good)  
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show lipid molecules with oligosaccharide groups exposed at the out cell surface;THOUGHT TO BE USED FOR INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION***  
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show 1. peripheral-are easily removed; can seperate 2. integral-difficult to remove; trapped 3. transmembrane-extend accross the bilayer and are exposed to water environment on both sides  
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Lateral diffusion rates of membrane proteins can be quantified and show rotational an dlateral diffusion but not flip flop ex. centrifuge   show
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Tight junctions   show
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show selective permeability in membrane causes potential energy in the form of ion gradients; these are used to make ATP and drive transport processes and covey electrical signals  
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Membrane Potentials(action potentials-to do work)   show
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show .....  
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Potential difference is caused by:(two movements)   show
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Active Transport creates:   show
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show gives the diffusion potential as it is related to concentration differences; "Nernst Potential"  
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The Goldman Equation shows that:   show
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show .....  
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show *water can pass freely *charged molecules cannot pass freely *membrane transport proteins move a specific molecules across the membrane *passive transports  
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Membrane transport proteins; 2 kinds?   show
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Passive transport of solutes:   show
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show channel proteins-aqueous channges permit solutes to cross the bilayer by diffusion carrier proteins-(transporters)bind the molecule and transfer it across the membrane(facilitated diffusion) active transport-pumps actively drive the mvemnt of solutes uphl  
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show a Na+/K+ pump which actively pumps Na(dogs) out and K(cats) into cell(house)  
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K+ leak channel allows what? (all proteins)   show
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ATP hydrolysis   show
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Calcium Pumps(memebrane bond ATPases); calcium is a signalling agent   show
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show are transport ATPases working in reverse;instead of hydrolysis driving ion transport, H+ gradients across the membranes drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi(inorganic phosphate):eat---make ATP---cell functions  
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show ex:in mammals, active transport of sugars is powered by Na gradient-a symport system: dogs+sugar to get into cell; high energy concentration into a low energy concentration in the cell  
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show an active transport method where a molecule is modified in a way that it can't escape through the same channel it entered through: these "trapped" molecules maybe ionized  
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Gated transmembrane channels(ways to get in cell)   show
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show 1.Ligand gated-a ligand(insulin or ACH)fits into protein and allows something to move into cell protein molecule by CHANGING SHAPE 2.voltage gated channels-neuro imput;change the charge to let it in 3.ionic channels-like calcium helping open to let in  
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show *small hydrophobic molecules that dissolve in lipid bilayers & increase the ion permeability(ex; alchohol changing its shape & cell membrane permeability; it fluidizes the membrane; muscle/nerve cells to not act right:"drunk"  
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show 1.exocytosis-fusion of intracell vesicles w/subsequent release to the exterior 2.endocytosis-substance to be ingested is enclosed by small portion of plams membrane and BECOMES AN INTRACELLULAR VESICLE  
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ENDOCYTOSIS INGESTION; 2 WAYS   show
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