Concepts and Controversies
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| show | deoxyribonucleic acid, threadlike molecule that encodes genetic information in its structure
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| show | units of a cell's inheritance; sections of the larger genetic molecule DNA that encodes genetic information in its structure.
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| show | the full complement of genetic information in the chromosomes of a cell.
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| show | long duration degenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of the body organs.
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| malnutrition | show 🗑
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| nutrients | show 🗑
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| show | the foods a person usually eats or drinks
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| show | medically, any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive.
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| energy | show 🗑
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| organic | show 🗑
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| grams | show 🗑
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| show | the nutrients the body can use for energy, carbohydrates, fat and protein, supplies building blocks for body structures
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| show | the nutrients the body cannot make for itself from other raw materials; nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies.
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| calories | show 🗑
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| show | pills, liquids, or powders that contain purified nutrients or other ingredients
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| elemental diets | show 🗑
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| show | compounds in plant derived foods
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| show | having biological activity in the body
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| show | the dietary characteristic of providing all the essentials nutrients, fiber, and energy amounts sufficient to maintain health and body weight
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| show | the dietary characteristics of of providing foods of a number of types in proportion to each other, such that foods rich in some nutrients do not crowd out the diet foods that are rich in other nutrients
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| show | control of energy intake, a feature of a sound diet plan
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| moderation | show 🗑
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| variety | show 🗑
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| show | beans, peas, and lentils, valued as inexpensive source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and fiber that contribute little fat to the diet
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| cuisines | show 🗑
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| foodways | show 🗑
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| ethnic foods | show 🗑
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| show | having an awareness and acceptance of one's own and other cultures and the ability to interact effectively with people of those cultures
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| omnivores | show 🗑
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| show | people who exclude from their diets animal flesh and possibly other animal products such as milk, cheese, and eggs
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| controlled clinical trial | show 🗑
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| lapses | show 🗑
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| show | the force that moves people to act, maybe either instinctive or learned
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| show | the belief in one's ability to take action and successfully perform a specific behavior
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| locus of control | show 🗑
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| show | carbohydrates
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| organic nutrients include fat, carbohydrates and | show 🗑
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| studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members are referred to as | show 🗑
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| dietary reference intakes | show 🗑
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| daily values | show 🗑
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| estimated average requirements | show 🗑
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| Recommended Dietary Allowance | show 🗑
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| show | nutrient goals for individuals, the recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on intakes of health people
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| tolerable upper intake level | show 🗑
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| acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges | show 🗑
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| show | a laboratory study in which a person is fed a controlled diet and the intake and excretion of a nutrient are measured, valid only for nutrients like calcium that do not change while they are in the body
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| show | the amount of a nutrient that will just prevent the development of specific deficiency signs; distinguished from DRI recommended intake value, which is a generous allowance with a margin of safety
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| show | the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a certain age
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| show | a measure that assesses how well a diet meets the recommendations for the dietary guidelines for Americans
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| food group plan | show 🗑
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| exchange system | show 🗑
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| show | the balance of calories remainng in a person's energy allowance after accounting for the number of calories needed to meet recommended nutrient intakes through consumption of nutrient dense foods
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| show | linking food constituents with disease states; allowable on labels within the criteria established by the FDA
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| show | using approved wording to describe the nutrient values of foods, such as a claim that food is high in a desirable constutuent or low in an undesireable one
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| nutrition facts | show 🗑
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| structure function claim | show 🗑
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| cells | show 🗑
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| show | any of a great number of working proteins that speed up a specific chemical reaction without undergoing change themselves
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| show | cells that specialize in the storage of fat and from the fat tissue, producea fat-metabolizng enzymes, produces ormones involved in appetite and energy balance
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| inborn error of metabolism | show 🗑
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| phenylketonuria | show 🗑
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| show | systems of cells working together to perform specialized task
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| show | descrete structual units made of tissues that perform specific jobs
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| body system | show 🗑
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| blood | show 🗑
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| show | the fluide that moves from teh bloodstream into tissue spaces and then travels in its own vessesl which eventually drain back into the bloodstream
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| arteries | show 🗑
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| show | blood vessels that carry blood with carbon dioxide it has collectd, from the tissues back to the heart
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| show | minute, weblike blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and permit transfer of materials between blood and tissues
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| plasma | show 🗑
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| show | fluid resinding inside the cells that provides the medium for celluar reactions
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| lungs | show 🗑
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| show | the body's long tubularorgan of digestion adn the site of nutrient absorbtion
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| show | a large, lobed organ that lies just under the ribs, filters blood, removes and processes nutrients, manufactures materials for export to other parts of the body and destroys toxins or stores them to keep them out of the circulatory system
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| show | a pair of organs that filters wastes from the blood, make urine, and release it to the bladder for excretion from the body
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| show | chemicals that are secreted by glands into the blood in response to conditions in the ody that require regulation, serves as messengers action on other organs to maintain constant conditions
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| show | two functions, one is an endocrine function making of hormones such as insulin which it releases directly into the blood, he other is an exocrine function making of digestive enzymes which it releases through a duct into the small bowel to aid digestion
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| show | a hormone from the pancreas that helps lucose enter cells from the blood
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| glucagon | show 🗑
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| show | the outermost later of something
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| show | a part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood such as temperature, gluclose, salt content and others.
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| neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| show | the major hormone that elicits the stress response
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| norepinephrine | show 🗑
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| metabolism | show 🗑
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| antigen | show 🗑
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| show | white blood cells that particpate in the immune reponse, B-cells and t-cells
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| phagocytes | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytes that produce antibodies
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| show | the fluid resulting from the actions of the stomach upon a meal
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| show | cholesterol containing digestive fluid made by the liver, stored in the gallbladderand released into the intestine
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| bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| villi | show 🗑
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| show | tiny hairlike projections on each cell of every villus that greatly expands the surface area
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| show | storage form of carbohydrate energy
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| show | growth, maintenance and repair of the body. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalance of energy and nutrients bring on the diseases of malnutrition
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| show | an experiment in which the subjects do not know whether they are members of the experimental group or the control group
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| show | studies of individuals, in clinical settings researchers can observe treatments and their apparent affects
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| show | a group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the group being treated in an experiment but who receive a sham treatment instead of the real one
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| correlation | show 🗑
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| epidemiological studies | show 🗑
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| show | studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population membrane
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| show | studies that are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are designed to pinpoint cause and effect
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| placebo | show 🗑
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Created by:
muddie