Grade 10 Chemistry
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| Water is considered to be matter even though it often appears in a liquid form. This is explained by stating that like all matter, water has ____________________ and takes up space. | mass
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| The ____________________ properties of sulphur include that it usually forms solid yellow crystals, and has a melting point of 115ºC. | physical
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| An unknown sample that cannot be broken down any more by using chemical methods must be a(n) ____________________. | element
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| Types of ____________________ include mechanical such as salad, suspensions like salad dressing, and solutions like iced tea. | mixtures
matter
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| The subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus and which has a charge is the ____________________. | proton
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| The only important thing all of the elements in the same ____________________ on the periodic table have in common is the number of electron shells they have. | period
row
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| The most reactive group of elements on the metal side of the periodic table is _________________________. | alkali metals
group 1
family 1
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| The pattern of electrons appearing in the first three shells of the Bohr diagrams of elements is ____________________. | 2, 8, 8
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| A(n) ____________________ compound forms when, for example, a metal element and a non-metal element join by transferring electrons from the metal to the non-metal. | ionic
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| The name of the ionic compound K2S is _________________________. | potassium sulphide
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| Carbonate, CO32–, is a _________________________, a group of elements that behave like a single ion. | polyatomic ion
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| When two non-metals form a molecular compound, their electrons are shared in a ____________________ bond. | covalent, molecular
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| Acid | a compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Chemical Formula usually HX(X = monatomic or polyatomic ion). Chemical formula = H+
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| Base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases are named as if they were ionic compounds (the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion).
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| Hydroxide Ion | A water molecule that loses a hydrogen ion and thus becomes negatively charged. Hydroxide ions are denoted OH-. (Do not conf. with hydronium ion)
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| Hydronium Ion | A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion and thus becomes positively charged. Hydronium ions are denoted H3O+. (Do not conf. with hydroxide ion)
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| Neutral Solution | any aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal. For example pure water is a neutral substance. pH = 7.0 ([H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 mol/L)
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| Acidic Solution | When the [H+] is greater than the [OH-]. Thus, the [H+] of an acidic solution is always greater than 1.0 x 10-7 mol/L. (don’t mix up with basic)
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| Basic Solution | When the [H+] is less than the [OH-]. Thus, the [H+] of an acidic solution is always less than 1.0 x 10-7 mol/L. (don’t mix up with Acidic)
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| Alkaline Solutions | another name for a basic solution.
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| pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration. pH=-log[H+]. Always express in scientific notation.
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| A reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds | Decomposition Reaction
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| A number written in front of a chemical formula | Coefficient
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| A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution | Precipitate
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| A solution in which the solvent is water | Aqueous Solution
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| A statement that uses chemical formulas to show the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction | Chemical Equation
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| Substance dissolved in a solution | Solute
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| A reaction in which oxygen combines with a substances and releases heat and light energy | Combustion Reaction
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| A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound | Single Replacement Reaction
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| A reaction involving the exchange of positive ions between two compounds dissolved in water | Double Replacement Reaction
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| The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances | Chemical Reaction
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| A starting substance in a chemical reaction | Reactant
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| A substance formed during a chemical reaction | Product
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| A reaction in which two or more substances react to produce a single product | Synthesis Reaction
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| The most plentiful substance in a solution | Solvent
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| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - One Products - Two or more | Decomposition Reaction
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| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - Two Compounds Products - Two Compounds | Double Replacement Reaction
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| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - Two or more Products - One | Synthesis Reaction
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| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - An element and a compound Products - An element and a compound | Single Replacement Reaction
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| The symbol (s) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Solid
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| The symbol (g) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Gas
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| The symbol (l) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Liquid
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| The symbol (aq) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Aqueous
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| In a balanced equation, the number of ____________ on the reactants side must match the number of _______________ on the products side | Particles(atoms)
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| A(n) _______________ equation uses chemical formulas rather than words to identify the reactants and products | Skeleton
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| Counting the atoms of the elements in the reactants is step ___ for balancing equations | 2
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| Changing the coefficients to make the number of atoms of each element equal on both sides of the equation is step ___ for balancing equations | 4
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| Writing the coefficients in their lowest possible ratio is step ___ for balancing equations | 5
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| Writing the skeleton equation for the reaction is step ____ for balancing equations | 1
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| "Mass is never created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction"... this is a statement of the... | Law of Conservation of Mass
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| There are ___ types of chemical reactions | 4
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| The four types of chemical reactions are: Synthesis, __________, single replacement and double replacement | Decomposition
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| A(n) _____________________, is a useful tool for determining whether a chemical reaction will occur and for determining the result of a single replacement reaction | Activity Series
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| _________________ is an example of a single replacement reaction: 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 | Photosynthesis
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| Nonmetals will replace _____________ in a single replacement reaction | Nonmetals
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| Metals will replace hydrogen or another, less ___________ metal in a single replacement reaction | Active
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| (True/False) Fluorine is more reactive than iodine | TRUE
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| (True/False) Bromine is more reactive than Fluorine | FALSE
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| Two people coming together to dance is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Synthesis
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| Two people parting when the dance is over is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Decomposition
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| Two people dancing, and someone cuts in, is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Single Replacement Reaction
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| Two couples switching dance partners is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Double Replacement Reaction
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| Hydroxide | OH -
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| Bromide | Br -
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| Fluoride | F -
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| Iodide | I -
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| Chloride | Cl -
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| whom should an accident or spill be reported to at school? | Teacher or Adult
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| What should you wear when performing scientific activities? | always Googles, (Apron, and Gloves if necessary)
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| First aid kit | used for cuts and burns
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| fire extinguisher | used to put out fires
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| Why can glass be a safety problem? | It can easily be broken and you can get cut.
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| Why can eating or drinking be dangerous when performing scientific activities? | you could put something toxic or poisonous in your mouth
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| Why shouldn't you play practical jokes or roughhouse when performing scientific activities? | Accidents can be dangerous and people can get hurt
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| Why is it a good idea to tie back long hair or loose-fitting clothing when performing scientific activities? | Your hair or clothes could cause an accident.
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| What is used for transferring very tiny amounts of liquid? | medicine dropper
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| What is worn to protect your eyes? | cover googles, safety glasses
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| What enlarges the size of small objects? | Hand lens/magnifying glass
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| What round bottom straight neck glassware is used to store liquids? | Florence Flask
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| What triangular glassware is used to store solutions? | Erlenmeyer Flask
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| What is used for measuring or mixing liquids | Beaker
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| What device is used for weighing? | Balance
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| What frame or structure is used to hold test tubes? | Test tube rack
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| What is used to measure the volume of liquids? | Graduated cylinder
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| What holds liquids for observation or testing? | Test tube
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| What device blocks openings? | Stopper
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| What is used for grasping? | Forceps,tongs
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| What instrument is used for measuring temperature? | Thermometer
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| What assists in transferring liquids to containers with smaller openings? | funnel
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Created by:
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