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SNC2DI Chemistry
Grade 10 Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water is considered to be matter even though it often appears in a liquid form. This is explained by stating that like all matter, water has ____________________ and takes up space. | mass |
| The ____________________ properties of sulphur include that it usually forms solid yellow crystals, and has a melting point of 115ºC. | physical |
| An unknown sample that cannot be broken down any more by using chemical methods must be a(n) ____________________. | element |
| Types of ____________________ include mechanical such as salad, suspensions like salad dressing, and solutions like iced tea. | mixtures matter |
| The subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus and which has a charge is the ____________________. | proton |
| The only important thing all of the elements in the same ____________________ on the periodic table have in common is the number of electron shells they have. | period row |
| The most reactive group of elements on the metal side of the periodic table is _________________________. | alkali metals group 1 family 1 |
| The pattern of electrons appearing in the first three shells of the Bohr diagrams of elements is ____________________. | 2, 8, 8 |
| A(n) ____________________ compound forms when, for example, a metal element and a non-metal element join by transferring electrons from the metal to the non-metal. | ionic |
| The name of the ionic compound K2S is _________________________. | potassium sulphide |
| Carbonate, CO32–, is a _________________________, a group of elements that behave like a single ion. | polyatomic ion |
| When two non-metals form a molecular compound, their electrons are shared in a ____________________ bond. | covalent, molecular |
| Acid | a compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Chemical Formula usually HX(X = monatomic or polyatomic ion). Chemical formula = H+ |
| Base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases are named as if they were ionic compounds (the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion). |
| Hydroxide Ion | A water molecule that loses a hydrogen ion and thus becomes negatively charged. Hydroxide ions are denoted OH-. (Do not conf. with hydronium ion) |
| Hydronium Ion | A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion and thus becomes positively charged. Hydronium ions are denoted H3O+. (Do not conf. with hydroxide ion) |
| Neutral Solution | any aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal. For example pure water is a neutral substance. pH = 7.0 ([H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 mol/L) |
| Acidic Solution | When the [H+] is greater than the [OH-]. Thus, the [H+] of an acidic solution is always greater than 1.0 x 10-7 mol/L. (don’t mix up with basic) |
| Basic Solution | When the [H+] is less than the [OH-]. Thus, the [H+] of an acidic solution is always less than 1.0 x 10-7 mol/L. (don’t mix up with Acidic) |
| Alkaline Solutions | another name for a basic solution. |
| pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration. pH=-log[H+]. Always express in scientific notation. |
| A reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds | Decomposition Reaction |
| A number written in front of a chemical formula | Coefficient |
| A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution | Precipitate |
| A solution in which the solvent is water | Aqueous Solution |
| A statement that uses chemical formulas to show the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction | Chemical Equation |
| Substance dissolved in a solution | Solute |
| A reaction in which oxygen combines with a substances and releases heat and light energy | Combustion Reaction |
| A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound | Single Replacement Reaction |
| A reaction involving the exchange of positive ions between two compounds dissolved in water | Double Replacement Reaction |
| The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances | Chemical Reaction |
| A starting substance in a chemical reaction | Reactant |
| A substance formed during a chemical reaction | Product |
| A reaction in which two or more substances react to produce a single product | Synthesis Reaction |
| The most plentiful substance in a solution | Solvent |
| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - One Products - Two or more | Decomposition Reaction |
| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - Two Compounds Products - Two Compounds | Double Replacement Reaction |
| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - Two or more Products - One | Synthesis Reaction |
| What type of reaction does the following describe: Reactants - An element and a compound Products - An element and a compound | Single Replacement Reaction |
| The symbol (s) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Solid |
| The symbol (g) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Gas |
| The symbol (l) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Liquid |
| The symbol (aq) is used in an equation to designate the substance as a _____________ | Aqueous |
| In a balanced equation, the number of ____________ on the reactants side must match the number of _______________ on the products side | Particles(atoms) |
| A(n) _______________ equation uses chemical formulas rather than words to identify the reactants and products | Skeleton |
| Counting the atoms of the elements in the reactants is step ___ for balancing equations | 2 |
| Changing the coefficients to make the number of atoms of each element equal on both sides of the equation is step ___ for balancing equations | 4 |
| Writing the coefficients in their lowest possible ratio is step ___ for balancing equations | 5 |
| Writing the skeleton equation for the reaction is step ____ for balancing equations | 1 |
| "Mass is never created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction"... this is a statement of the... | Law of Conservation of Mass |
| There are ___ types of chemical reactions | 4 |
| The four types of chemical reactions are: Synthesis, __________, single replacement and double replacement | Decomposition |
| A(n) _____________________, is a useful tool for determining whether a chemical reaction will occur and for determining the result of a single replacement reaction | Activity Series |
| _________________ is an example of a single replacement reaction: 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 | Photosynthesis |
| Nonmetals will replace _____________ in a single replacement reaction | Nonmetals |
| Metals will replace hydrogen or another, less ___________ metal in a single replacement reaction | Active |
| (True/False) Fluorine is more reactive than iodine | TRUE |
| (True/False) Bromine is more reactive than Fluorine | FALSE |
| Two people coming together to dance is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Synthesis |
| Two people parting when the dance is over is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Decomposition |
| Two people dancing, and someone cuts in, is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Single Replacement Reaction |
| Two couples switching dance partners is a 'life comparison' to a _____________ reaction | Double Replacement Reaction |
| Hydroxide | OH - |
| Bromide | Br - |
| Fluoride | F - |
| Iodide | I - |
| Chloride | Cl - |
| whom should an accident or spill be reported to at school? | Teacher or Adult |
| What should you wear when performing scientific activities? | always Googles, (Apron, and Gloves if necessary) |
| First aid kit | used for cuts and burns |
| fire extinguisher | used to put out fires |
| Why can glass be a safety problem? | It can easily be broken and you can get cut. |
| Why can eating or drinking be dangerous when performing scientific activities? | you could put something toxic or poisonous in your mouth |
| Why shouldn't you play practical jokes or roughhouse when performing scientific activities? | Accidents can be dangerous and people can get hurt |
| Why is it a good idea to tie back long hair or loose-fitting clothing when performing scientific activities? | Your hair or clothes could cause an accident. |
| What is used for transferring very tiny amounts of liquid? | medicine dropper |
| What is worn to protect your eyes? | cover googles, safety glasses |
| What enlarges the size of small objects? | Hand lens/magnifying glass |
| What round bottom straight neck glassware is used to store liquids? | Florence Flask |
| What triangular glassware is used to store solutions? | Erlenmeyer Flask |
| What is used for measuring or mixing liquids | Beaker |
| What device is used for weighing? | Balance |
| What frame or structure is used to hold test tubes? | Test tube rack |
| What is used to measure the volume of liquids? | Graduated cylinder |
| What holds liquids for observation or testing? | Test tube |
| What device blocks openings? | Stopper |
| What is used for grasping? | Forceps,tongs |
| What instrument is used for measuring temperature? | Thermometer |
| What assists in transferring liquids to containers with smaller openings? | funnel |
Created by:
marcarli
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