HEART
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| ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION IS PHASE | ALL VALES ARE CLOSED PHASE 2
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| EJECTION PHASE | VENT PRESSURE EXCEEDS PRESSURE IN THE LG ARTIES, FORCING THE SL VALVES OPEN
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| END SYSTOLIC VOLUME | VOLUME OF BLOOD REMAINING IN EACH VENTRICLE
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| ISOVOLUMETRIC REAXATION | OCCURS IN EARLY DIASTOLE
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| CO= | HR X SV=
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| CARDIAC OUTPUT | VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED BY EACH VENT IN ONE MINUTE
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| THREE MAIN FACTORS FOR SV | PRELOAD...CONTRACTILITY.....AFTERLOAD
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| PRELOAD | DEGREE OF STRENCH OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS BEFORE THEY CONTRACT
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| FRANK STARLING LAW | THE AMOUNT OF STRECTCHING OF CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS HELPS REGULATE STOKE VOLUME AND MAINTAIN EQUAL OUTPUT FROM BOTH VENTRICLES
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| CONTRACTILITY | CONTRACTILE STRENGTH AT A GIVEN MUSCLE LENTH, INDEPENDENT OF MUSCLE STRETCH AND EVD
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| POS INOTROPIC AGENTS | INCREASE CONTRACTILILY, INCREASE CA, HORMONES THYROXINE, GLUCAGON, EPI
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| NEG INOTROPIC AGENTS | DECREASE CONTRACTILITY, ACIDOSIS, INCREASE EXTRACELLUR "K", CA CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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| AFTERLOAD | PRESSURE THAT MUST BE OVERCOME FOR VENTRICLES TO EJECT BLOOD
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| POS CHRONOTROPIC FACTORS | INCREASE HR
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| NEG CHONOTROPIC FACTERS | DECREASE HR
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| SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | IS ACTIVATED BY EMOTIONAL OR PHY STRESSORS
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| NOREPINEPHRINE | CAUSE THE PACEMAKER TO FIRE MORE RAPILY(AND AT THE SAME TIME INCREASES CONTRACTILITY)
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| AT REST THE CARDIAC MUSCLES ARE | SHORTER THAN OPTIMAL LENGTH
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| WHAT INCREASES VENOUS RETURN | SLOW HEARTBEAT AND EXERCISE
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| INCREASED VENOUS RETURN...... | DISTENDS THE VENTRICLES AND INCREASES CONTRACTION FORCE
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| VENOUS RETURN | THE FLOW OF BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART
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| ATRIAL (BAINBRIDGE) REFLEX | A SYPATHETIC REFLEX INTIATED BY INCREASED VENOUS RETURN
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| EPINEPHRINE FROM ADRENAL MEDULLA | ENHANCES HEARTRATE AND CONTRACTILILY
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| THYROXINE | INCREASE HR ION CONCENTRATIONS(CA,K)MUST BE MAINTAINED FOR NORMAL HEART FUNCTION
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| SUPERFICIAL FIBROUS PERICARDIUM...FUNCTIONS | PROTECS, ANCHORS AND PREVENTS OVER FILLING
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| DEEP TWO LAYED PERICARDIUM | SEROUS PERICARDIUM
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| PARIETAL LAYER | LINES THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF THE FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
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| VISCERAL LAYER (EPICARDIUM) | ON EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE HR
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| PERICARDIAL CAVITY | SEPARATED BY FLUID FILLED (HELPS DECREASE FRICTION)
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| MYOCARDIUM | SPIRAL BUNDLES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
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| FIBROUS SKELETON OF THE HEART | CRISSCROSSING, INTERLACING LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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| MYOCARDIUM (FUNCTION) | ANCHORS CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS
SUPPORTS GREART VESS AND VALVES
LIMITS SPREAD OF ACTION POTENTIALS TO SPECIFIC PATHS
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| ENDOCARDIUM | CONTINUOUS WITH ENDOTHELIAL LINING OF BLOOD VESS
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| PULMONARY CIRCUIT | IS A SHORT LOW PRESSURE CIRCULATION
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| SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT | BLOOD ENCOUNTER MUCH RESTANCE IN THE LONG PATHWAYS
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| ARTERIA | SUPPLY VARIES CONSIDERABLY AND CONTAINS MANY ANASTOMOSES (JUNCTIONS) AMONG BRANCHES
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| ARTERIES ON THE HEART | RT & LT CORONARY, MARGINAL, CIRCUMFLEX, AND ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICLAR ARTERIES
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| VEINS | SMALL CARDIAC, ANTERIOR CARDIAC AND GREAT CARDIAC VEINS
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| CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS | SHORT, FAT, BRANCHED, STRIATED, AND INTERCONNECTED
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| CONNECTIVE TISSUE MATRIX (ENDOMYSIUM) | CONNECTS TO THE FIBROUS SKELETON
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| INTERCALATED DISC | JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CELLS ANCHOR CARDIAC CELLS
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| DESMOSOMES (BOND) | PREVENT CELLS FROM SEPARTING DURING CONTRCTION
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| GAP JUNCTIONS | ALLOW IONS TO PASS; ELECTRICALLY COUPLE ADJACENT CELLS AND ENSURES THE HEART CONTRACTS AS A UNIT
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| HEART MUSCLE BEHAVES AS A....... | FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM
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| DEPOLARIZATION OF THE HEART IS..... | RYTHMIC AND SPONTANEOUS ABOUT 1% OF CARDIAC CELLS HAVE AUTOMATICITY
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| DEPOLARIZATION OPENS..... | VILTAGE-GATED FAST NA CHANNELS IN THE SARCOLEMMA
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| DEPOLARIZATION WAVE IN T TUBLES CAUSES.... | THE SR TO RELEASE CA
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| DEPOLARIZATION WAVE ALSO...... | OPENS SLOW CA CHANNELS IN THE SARCOLEMMA
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| WHAT PROLONGS THE DEPOLARIZATION PHASE (PLATEAU) | CA SURGE
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Created by:
TERRI LUCKETT
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