Old test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| The three basic shapes of bacteria include all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| What stain is used to stain medically important fungi? | show 🗑
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| Methylene blue | show 🗑
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| show | used to stain all types of bacteria, living or dead
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| show | used to stain Mycobacterium spp.
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| Some bacteria grow at 25° C or 42° C, but diagnostic laboratories routinely grow pathogenic bacteria at what temperature? | show 🗑
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| show | the temperature at which most medically important fungi grow well
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| 60° C | show 🗑
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| show | too cold for pathogenic bacteria to grow.
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| These bacteria cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. | show 🗑
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| Obligate anaerobe | show 🗑
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| show | a bacterium that grows only in the presence of oxygen and a capnophilic bacterium grows only in the presence of 5% to 10% carbon dioxide.
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| show | Lactose; The most common media used for gram negatives allow for the differentiation into lactose fermenters and nonlactose fermenters.
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| show | Restriction enzymes allow a bacteria to cut a place in its genome and insert specific sequences of foreign DNA. The resulting fragments are also used by researchers to identify identical genomes. Bacteriophage enzymes do not cut the host bacteria DNA.
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| Prokaryotic cells have the following organelle in their cytoplasm: | show 🗑
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| The nuclear membrane in prokaryotes is: | show 🗑
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| What enables the microbiologist to select the correct media for primary culture and optimize the chance of isolating a pathogenic organism? | show 🗑
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| Bacterial species that exhibit phenotypic differences are considered: | show 🗑
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| Biovarieties | show 🗑
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| serovarieties | show 🗑
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| The function of a cell wall is to: | show 🗑
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| plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| show | provides energy to the eukaryotic cell.
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| show | Act as a virulence factor in helping the pathogen evade phagocytosis
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| Organisms that take place in a biological relationship where both benefit from one another are called: | show 🗑
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| Symbiosis | show 🗑
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| Parasites | show 🗑
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| host | show 🗑
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| show | microorganisms that inhabit the body sites of healthy individuals.
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| Parasitism is: | show 🗑
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| This state occurs when a host sheds a disease-causing organism, but does not show signs of disease. | show 🗑
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| Carrier | show 🗑
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| show | An opportunistic infection
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| An opportunistic infection | show 🗑
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| show | Antibiotics that inhibit many microorganisms
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| A laboratory professional is testing a new antimicrobial soap. The tech washes her forearm, then does a culture of the skin. Which organisms should she expect to find growing in the culture? | show 🗑
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| Diphtheroids are found: | show 🗑
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| show | deep sebaceous glands
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| All the following pathogenic organisms may be found in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| show | resident flora of the oropharynx and is an opportunistic pathogen.
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| H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitides | show 🗑
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| The stomach can be considered the first line of defense against microbial infections because: | show 🗑
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| After perforation of the colon, surgeons must guard against infection in the _____ because of leakage of the contents of the colon. | show 🗑
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| Peritoneal cavity | show 🗑
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| show | Produce conditions at the microenvironmental level that block colonization.
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| show | Pathogenicity
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| An iatrogenic infection occurs | show 🗑
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| A parasitic infection occurs | show 🗑
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| An opportunistic infection occurs | show 🗑
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| A patient with an indwelling catheter develops a fever and lethargy. In addition, the urine in the catheter bag has turned a brownish color and is foul smelling, which indicates an infection. What type of infection does this describe? | show 🗑
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| The most common bacterial characteristic that allows for evasion of phagocytosis by the host is: | show 🗑
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| Lancefield deals with | show 🗑
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| show | produced by streptococci, and these lyse red blood cells.
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| Adhesins are | show 🗑
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| show | lethal to leukocytes and contributes to the invasiveness of staphylococci.
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| show | Fluid imbalance
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| show | An increase in body temperature, Severe hypotension, intravascular coagulation
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| Lysozyme is: | show 🗑
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| Exotoxins | show 🗑
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| Antibodies | show 🗑
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| show | IgM
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| This class of antibodies is a monomer | show 🗑
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| show | IgA
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| Quality control is | show 🗑
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| show | Analytic activity
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| Preanalytic activity | show 🗑
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| show | what happens after a lab test is run.
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| All of the following activities will directly affect the quality of a laboratory test EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| Accreditation | show 🗑
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| In January 2004, (JCAHO) implemented performance measurements for organizational systems that are critical to patient safety, quality of care, treatment, and services. This new initiative is called | show 🗑
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| Thermometers used in the laboratory must be calibrated before they are put into use. This is accomplished by: | show 🗑
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| show | Disinfecting the surface of the instrument
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| show | Organism colony characteristics
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| When a medium needs to be quality controlled because it was prepared “in-house” or because it is complex, all the following rules must be followed EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| When a medium needs to be quality controlled because it was prepared “in-house” or because it is complex, all the following rules | show 🗑
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| Media that do not need to be retested by the hospital laboratory must still undergo observation for all of the following | show 🗑
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| show | Sudan IV stains only
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| Antimicrobial susceptibility is hard to control because many of the same species of organisms have a varied susceptibility to particular antibiotics. To reduce this variation, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines recommend | show 🗑
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| show | Proficiency testing
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| Quality control stock cultures are available from all of the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| show | TSA deeps
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| All the following are components of JCAHO recommendations for establishing performance monitors EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| show | The components of the recommendations are plan, design, measure, and assess.
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| What is benchmarking? | show 🗑
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| An iatrogenic infection is one that is: | show 🗑
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| show | acquired in the community are called community-acquired infections and include places like prisons and schools
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| An outbreak occurs when: | show 🗑
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| An index case is: | show 🗑
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| Swarming is: | show 🗑
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| show | Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris, gram-negative and motile
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| When making slides of thin materials such as urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): | show 🗑
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| show | Contamination of specimens with normal flora that is not collected from sterile sites diminishes the value of the culture studies.
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| show | Stab the butt almost all the way to the bottom of the tube, then move the needle back and forth over the surface of the slant all the way to the top of the tube.
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| show | Acid/acid, black butt
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| show | Sucralose
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| show | lactose, maltose, rhamnose, sucrose, raffinose, arabinose, adonitol, dulcitol, mannitol, and sorbitol.
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| show | A fermenter
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| The initial screening of gram-negative rods is done by testing for the utilization of this carbohydrate. | show 🗑
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| In the microbiology laboratory, this instrument is routinely used to examine smears for structures that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. | show 🗑
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| cytocentrifuge | show 🗑
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| thermal cycler | show 🗑
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| electron microscope | show 🗑
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| show | Not to promote the multiplication of microorganisms, but ensure their preservation.
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| show | An anaerobic transport system
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| What is the mechanism of action of the glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin)? | show 🗑
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| show | bind to the substrate of the transpeptidation enzyme while penicillins bind to the enzyme mediating the transpeptidation reaction.
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| If a bacteria fermented glucose only and utilized peptones, what would the triple sugar iron (TSI) reaction be? | show 🗑
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| These antibiotics affect the DNA replication by targeting topoisomerases II and IV, enzymes considered important in controlling DNA replication. What is this antibiotic? | show 🗑
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| show | disrupt the DNA replication cycle of bacteria by targeting topoisomerases II and IV.
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| A cytocentrifuge is an excellent method for preparing nonviscous fluids because: | show 🗑
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| A sputum specimen, they know that the upper respiratory tract contains many indigenous organisms and to identify every organism in the culture would be a time-consuming, cost-prohibitive, and insurmountable task. So the microbiologist must: | show 🗑
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| show | Rifamycin
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| show | Mucus
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| show | Red blood cells, neutrophils, protein background, and necrosis are all signs of acute inflammation on a bacterial smear.
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| Bacteria can utilize carbohydrates by: | show 🗑
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| Oxidation | show 🗑
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| show | Glucose to pyruvic acid to mixed acid fermentation
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| The decarboxylase tests determine: | show 🗑
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| show | Take an additional swab and rub it back and forth on the two glass slides to ensure the material is thin enough to read once it is stained.
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| Specimens such as blood, bone marrow, and synovium are mixed with anticoagulants right after collection. Why should this occur? | show 🗑
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| By looking at a bacterial smear, how can you tell if the infection is polymicrobial? | show 🗑
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| show | more than one morphologic type of organism on the smear, not only bacteria
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| show | A stool specimen
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| When examining specimen smears for pathogenic bacteria, this is important to note. | show 🗑
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| show | To create a anaerobic (fermentative) environment
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| A technician is reading a vaginal culture. She sees the very white colonies that are g-hemolytic on a blood agar plate, but appear to have feet. What organism could this possibly be? | show 🗑
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| The chemical reaction for the Ortho-Nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) test is: | show 🗑
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| show | Do not utilize any carbohydrate; instead they use other organic molecules for energy and carbon sources; do not use Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff metabolic pathways
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| show | Shape and size
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| show | Changing the amount of humidity in the incubator
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| modifications in routine culture techniques to allow the isolation of a suspected pathogen. Modifications can include all of the following | show 🗑
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| When a microbiologist sets up a biochemical identification using a commercial system on a suspected pathogen from a culture, she/he must: | show 🗑
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| What is the most common causative agent of urethritis? | show 🗑
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae common caused infection | show 🗑
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| show | abscesses or pyodermas
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| H. influenzae common caused infection | show 🗑
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| C. perfringens common caused infection | show 🗑
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| show | lung abscesses, and gonococcal urethritis
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| A specimen that is spread on a smear and appears to have a homogenous constitution is said to: | show 🗑
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| The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is composed of: | show 🗑
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| Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems all have this ring in their structure that is responsible for inhibiting the transpeptidation reaction, resulting in bacterial lysis and cell death. What is the name of the ring? | show 🗑
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| show | A comparative examination of bacteria growing on a variety of culture media
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| show | Staphylococcus aureus
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| show | Clear, colorless colonies
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| show | lactose fermenters (bright pink) from lactose nonfermenters (clear, colorless).
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| If a bacterium utilizes lactose and/or sucrose, what will the triple sugar iron (TSI) reaction look like? | show 🗑
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| show | Neutrophils
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| show | Escherichia/Citrobacter-like organism
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| show | nonlactose fermenters, so they would not produce a pink colony
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| H. influenzae is | show 🗑
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| Klebsiella/Enterobacter-like organisms | show 🗑
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| Escherichia/Citrobacter-like organisms | show 🗑
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| show | Streptococcus pneumoniae
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| The members of the polypeptide class of antibiotics include all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| “gram-negative bacillus, small and pleomorphic” implies what bacteria as the infecting agent? | show 🗑
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| show | Color the forms and shapes present.
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| Why is a clean-catch midstream urine used for a urine culture as opposed to a clean-catch urine? | show 🗑
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| What role does the laboratory play in antibiotic selection if the physician has already treated the patient before receiving the culture results? | show 🗑
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| When a laboratory professional examines a specimen smear, he/she should be looking for all of the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| show | Large granules, grains, or fungal forms, such as spherules or fungal mats can best be recognized at low power and give the tech and the physician an insight to the infectious process occurring at that site.
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| A technician is reading stool culture plates. She sees an organism that has a large, mucoid pink colony on MacConkey (MAC). What is a good presumptive identification of this organism? | show 🗑
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| Klebsiella/Enterobacter-like organism on MAC | show 🗑
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| show | produce a dry, pink colony with a surrounding “halo” of pink.
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| show | fastidious and does not grow on MAC.
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| show | nonlactose fermenters, so they would not produce a pink colony
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| show | Macrolides and tetracyclines
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| a-Hemolysis is: | show 🗑
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| show | green discolorization of the media due to the partial destruction of the red blood cells around and under the colony
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| b-hemolysis apperance | show 🗑
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| g-Hemolysis apperance | show 🗑
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| During this process, glucose enters the glycolysis pathway, resulting in the formation of pyruvic acid, which is further oxidized to other acids. What is this process called? | show 🗑
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| Oxidative/fermentative (O/F) basal medium is a medium that will test the oxidative and fermentative capabilities of a microbe. The pH indicator is _____ | show 🗑
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| Nucleic acid assays are based on the _____ of the organism and are believed to be more accurate. | show 🗑
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| Culture results: | show 🗑
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| show | Sulfamethoxazole
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| show | Blocking the Embden-Meyerhof pathway
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| show | their mechanisms of action target bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, folate synthesis, DNA replication, RNA transcription, and mRNA translation
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| show | Alternate biosynthetic pathways
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| show | cell-wall impermeability, efflux, biofilm formation, and the expression of genes producing inactivating enzymes.
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| show | Methyl red, an acidic indicator that turns red at a low pH,the presence of mixed acids as metabolic by-products.
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| show | The Department of Transportation and the U.S. Postal Service
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| show | Complete clearing of erythrocytes in a blood agar plate around and under the colony
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| How should specimen collection instructions be given to the patient to ensure collection of a good specimen for culture? | show 🗑
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| What kind of bacteria cannot ferment lactose or glucose? | show 🗑
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| show | Colony characteristics and form
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| show | H. influenzae is a tiny, gram-negative rod that is very fastidious. It will not grow on MAC and will not grow on SBA. It will grow on CHOC because additional nutritional growth requirements are added to the media.
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| show | gram-positive cocci that grow well on BAP, but do not grow on MAC.
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| Swabs are appropriate for specimens collected from all the following sites EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| Sputum specimens are often collected for the diagnosis of: | show 🗑
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| show | 18 to 24 hours
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| g-Hemolysis is: | show 🗑
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| show | Clostridium perfringens
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| show | Mixed acid fermentation pathway
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| show | Glucose is metabolized, , producing several intermediate by-products, including pyruvic acid.
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| Colonies of Bacillus anthracis are described as: | show 🗑
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| Medusa’s heads | show 🗑
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| show | 40% KOH and a-naphthol, acetoin is oxidized to diacetyl, which forms a red complex.
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| show | Ensure the swab has not been used to inoculate culture media first.
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| The best way to minimize the amount of upper respiratory flora in a sputum specimen is to follow these procedures: | show 🗑
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| show | Streptococcus agalactiae
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| show | In leak-proof secondary containers
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| show | Glucose to pyruvic acid to acetoin to diacetyl KOH
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| show | Bacterial plasmid DNA
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| show | Ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate
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| show | Ortho-Nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) test determines whether the organism is a delay lactose-fermenter or a true nonlactose-fermenter.
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| show | Many types of bacteria call the intestinal tract home; the specimen cannot become contaminated.
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| show | Place the specimen in a 35º C incubator for 6 hours.
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| show | Phenotype
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| What are the sugars present in triple sugar iron (TSI)? | show 🗑
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| Antimicrobial agents include all of the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
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| show | antiseptics, antibiotics, preservatives, sterilants, and disinfectants; all have the capacity to kill or suppress the growth of microorganisms.
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| show | Streptococcus pneumoniae
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae typically produces colonies that are said to resemble coins. The technical term for this colony shape is: | show 🗑
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| show | a depressed center and raised edges: concave.
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| show | a raised or bulging center
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| raised colony | show 🗑
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| What is the cell wall of streptococci and enterococci made out of? | show 🗑
|
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| show | typical gram-positive cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid; have a layer of a group or common C carbohydrate (polysaccharide),
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|
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| A young man goes to his physician complaining of large, raised, suppurative abscesses on his neck. The man denies having a fever or the chills. What is the name of the lesions on his neck and what organism causes this type of lesions? | show 🗑
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| common skin infections cause by S. aureus | show 🗑
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| What test presumptively differentiates b-hemolytic group A streptococci and nonhemolytic group D enterococci from other streptococcal species? | show 🗑
|
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| PYR hydrolysis test | show 🗑
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| show | The toxin is a superantigen that stimulates T-cell proliferation with production of large amounts of cytokines.
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|
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| TSST-1 | show 🗑
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| Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are suppurative, meaning: | show 🗑
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| show | Streptolysin O
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|
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| All of the following is used to describe the colonial morphology of Staphylococcus epidermidis EXCEPT | show 🗑
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| show | usually small- to medium-size, nonhemolytic, white colonies.
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| show | Coagulase and latex agglutination
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| show | It acts on sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane of red blood cells.
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| This staphylococcal species is associated with urinary tract infections in young, sexually active females. | show 🗑
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| show | catalase
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| show | To bind the IgG and prevent phagocytosis
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|
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| show | Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
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|
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| What is VRE? | show 🗑
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| show | Oxacillin
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|
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| Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is linked to | show 🗑
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| show | Bile esculin and 6.5% NaCl broth
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|
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| Staphylococci are catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci that resemble other bacteria that are members of this family. What is this family? | show 🗑
|
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| Streptokinase is an enzyme produced by group A streptococci that: | show 🗑
|
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| Infections by this organism are predominantly hospital acquired, and some predisposing factors include catheterization, medical implantation, and immunosuppressive therapy. | show 🗑
|
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| This infection occurs secondary to influenza A virus, has a high mortality rate, and occurs among the infants and immunocompromised patients. | show 🗑
|
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| This is a rare but potentially fatal multisystem disease characterized by high fever, hypotension, and shock, and it is associated with highly absorbent tampons. | show 🗑
|
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| show | CAMP
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|
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| Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins | show 🗑
|
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| Staphylococcal food poisoning | show 🗑
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| show | Vancomycin
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|
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| This staphylococcus produces wide zones of beta hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar. | show 🗑
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| show | S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
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|
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| show | Streptococcus pyogenes
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|
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| show | It kills polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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|
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| show | Novobiocin susceptibility
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|
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| The primary reservoir for staphylococci is: | show 🗑
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| show | Oxygen-free atmosphere
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|
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| facultative anaerobes | show 🗑
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| show | Bile esculin and salt tolerance
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|
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| The bile esculin test is a two-step: | show 🗑
|
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| Growth in 6.5% sodium chloride broth is used to identify | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Flagellar antigens
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|
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| show | The physician should perform a throat culture.
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|
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| show | b-Hemolytic streptococci
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|
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| show | pyogenic streptococci, lactococci, enterococci, and viridans streptococci
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|
||||
| pyogenic streptococci | show 🗑
|
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| lactococci | show 🗑
|
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| show | comprise those species found as part of the normal flora of the human intestines;this group of organisms belongs to the genus Enterococcus
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|
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| show | Moraxella
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|
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| show | The genera Aerococcus, Gemella, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus consist of Streptococcus-like organisms
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|
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| One major virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumonia is: | show 🗑
|
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| The drug of choice to treat group A streptococci is: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever
🗑
|
||||
| What is Streptococcus agalactiae a significant cause of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is one of the most common diseases cause by streptococci? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pneumococcal pneumonia with penicillin-resistant organism
🗑
|
||||
| What are the staphylococcal products that cause diarrhea and vomiting in humans? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The older growth at the center is killed due to autolysis
🗑
|
||||
| show | They produce hyaluronidase, which hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid present in the intracellular ground substance that makes up connective tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| What test is used as a presumptive identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | with a 6-mm disk
🗑
|
||||
| zone of inhibition >16 mm | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hippurate hydrolysis, A useful test to differentiate S. agalactiae from other b-hemolytic streptococci is hippurate hydrolysis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydrolysis can be detected by adding ninhydrin, which reacts with glycine to form a purple color.
🗑
|
||||
| show | M proteins
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| Which drug is the drug of choice for treating most streptococcal infections? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Colony characteristics for Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar after 18 to 24 hours incubation at 35° C include all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | produce round, smooth, white, creamy colonies on blood agar after 18 to 24 hours of incubation at 35° C.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Enterotoxins
🗑
|
||||
| What organism on sheep blood agar (SBA) has grayish-white, mucoid colonies surrounded by a small zone of b-hemolysis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Necrotizing fasciitis
🗑
|
||||
| Skin or pyodermal infections with group A streptococci result in all the following syndromes EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | result in the syndrome of impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, wound infection, or gangrene.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Amylase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Several enzymes are produced by staphylococci;Ex: coagulase, protease, hyaluronidase, and lipase.
🗑
|
||||
| A young woman rushed to the hospital with a high fever, hypotension, and shock. She hadn’t feel well that day, her condition worsened the day. She was good until a couple days after she started menstruating. What condition could this woman be exhibiting? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A young girl goes to her doctor’s office with a fever, headache, and a sore throat. The mother states the girl has a fever of 38.8º C (102° F). What test should the physician perform? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the inexpensive test used to presumptively identify Streptococcus pyogenes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Endotoxins
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following virulence factors are associated with Staphylococcus aureus | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects of the a-hemolysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hippurate hydrolysis and CAMP
🗑
|
||||
| This disease is an extensive exfoliative dermatitis caused by staphylococcal exfoliative toxin. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ritter’s disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A focal lesion
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following staphylococci are coagulase positive EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| All of the following staphylococci are coagulase positive | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | enterotoxins A and D
🗑
|
||||
| show | Penicillin
🗑
|
||||
| show | normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, the female genital tract, and the gastrointestinal tract.
🗑
|
||||
| A woman in her 20s goes to her physician with burning upon urination, frequency, and malaise. Her urine culture grew out 25,000 (CFU)/mL of a catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant gram-positive cocci. What is the pathogen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | urinary tract infections in young sexually active women
🗑
|
||||
| show | catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, and novobiocin-resistant gram-positive cocci
🗑
|
||||
| show | C. asteroides
🗑
|
||||
| The genus Citrobacter currently consists of 11 species: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Morganella morganii
🗑
|
||||
| show | a documented cause of urinary tract infections and has been isolated from other human body sites.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ETEC, EIEC, EPEC, EHEC
🗑
|
||||
| show | enterotoxigenic
🗑
|
||||
| show | enteroinvasive
🗑
|
||||
| show | enteropathogenic
🗑
|
||||
| EHEC | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Escherichia coli
🗑
|
||||
| show | lactose-positive (pink) colony with a surrounding area of precipitated bile salts on MacConkey agar. On EMB agar, it presents with a green metallic sheen.
🗑
|
||||
| During this process, glucose enters the glycolysis pathway, resulting in the formation of pyruvic acid, which is further oxidized to other acids. What is this process called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are clinically significant isolates of the genus Enterobacter EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, E. gergoviae, E. sakazakii, and E. hormaechei.
🗑
|
||||
| What genus has the following characteristics: negative for urea, positive for lysine decarboxylase, positive for hydrogen sulfide, positive for indole, and does not grow on Simmon’s citrate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | E. tarda, E. hoshinae, and E. ictaluri
🗑
|
||||
| show | Morganella morganii
🗑
|
||||
| When performing the oxidative/fermentative (O/F) test, one tube is covered with mineral oil and one tube is left uncovered. Why is one tube covered with mineral oil? | show 🗑
|
||||
| All of the following techniques are used for making definitive identification of anaerobes EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PRAS and non-PRAS tubed biochemical test media, biochemical-based and preexisting enzyme-based minisystems, gas-liquid chromatography analysis of metabolic end products, and cellular fatty acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography.
🗑
|
||||
| A technician is reading a stool culture and notices a very moist and mucoid pink colony on MacConkey agar. What is the most likely organism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Can use citrate as a sole carbon source
🗑
|
||||
| show | fermentation of glucose, lactose, trehalose, and xylose, indole production, glucose fermentation, MR positive and VP negative, doesnt produce H2S, Dnase, urease, or phenylalanine deaminase, and can't use citrate as a carbon source.
🗑
|
||||
| show | C. asteroides
🗑
|
||||
| show | C. freundii, C. diversus (koseri), C. amalonaticus, C. farmeri, C. braakii, C. gillenii, C. murliniae, C. rodentium, C. sedlakii, C. werkmanii, and C. youngae
🗑
|
||||
| show | Oxidation
🗑
|
||||
| show | the bacteria metabolize the carbohydrate aerobically, through the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Providencia stuartii
🗑
|
||||
| P. stuartii associated with | show 🗑
|
||||
| P. alcalifaciens found in | show 🗑
|
||||
| P. rustigianii is | show 🗑
|
||||
| P. heimbachae | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the sugars present in triple sugar iron (TSI)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What genus has the following characteristics: negative for urea, positive for lysine decarboxylase, positive for hydrogen sulfide, positive for indole, and does not grow on Simmon’s citrate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | E. tarda
🗑
|
||||
| The Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is associated with all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hemorrhagic diarrhea, colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).
🗑
|
||||
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) characterized by | show 🗑
|
||||
| If a bacteria fermented glucose only and utilized peptones, what would the triple sugar iron (TSI) reaction be? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism in the genus Providencia is incriminated in nosocomial outbreaks in burn units and has been isolated from urine cultures? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What two bacteria produce swarming colonies on nonselective media such as sheep blood agar (SBA)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a result of a tightly regulated cycle of differentiation from standard vegetative cells (swimmers) to hyperflagellated, elongated, polyphonic cells (warmers) capable of coordinated surface movement.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
🗑
|
||||
| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius characteristic | show 🗑
|
||||
| All of the following are approaches to treating anaerobic infections EXCEPT | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Serratia
🗑
|
||||
| show | S. marcescens, S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, S. odoriferae, S. plymuthica, S. ficaria, S. entomophila, and S. fonticola.
🗑
|
||||
| show | opportunistic pathogens associated with nosocomial outbreaks
🗑
|
||||
| The methyl red test detects metabolic by-products from what pathway? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 40% KOH and a-naphthol
🗑
|
||||
| What two bacteria produce swarming colonies on nonselective media such as sheep blood agar (SBA)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Serratia
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name of the organism that has been a documented cause of nursery outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscesses? | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. diversus (koseri) is | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Klebsiella pneumoniae
🗑
|
||||
| show | buffered charcoul yeast extract
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following agars is selective for Enterobacteriaceae? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Other sugars that can be used by bacteria to produce energy for glucose include all of the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lactose, maltose, rhamnose, sucrose, raffinose, arabinose, adonitol, dulcitol, mannitol, and sorbitol.
🗑
|
||||
| The chemical reaction for the Ortho-Nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) test is: | show 🗑
|
||||
| This test determines if an organism is a delayed lactose-fermenter. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The ONPG test determines | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism will present as a pink colony with a halo on MacConkey media and a green metallic sheen on EMB? | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. coli has distinctive morphology | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which organism is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The biochemical pathway that the methyl red test is confirming is: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bacillus spp
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bacillus spp
🗑
|
||||
| What bacteria may cause up to 50% of all cases of pneumonia in the summer months? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Haemophilus influenzae type B
🗑
|
||||
| show | Species whose colonies are a buff color and exposure to light does not induce pigment formation
🗑
|
||||
| Some mycobacterium spp., such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism is most commonly associated with bacteremia caused by acute pyelonephritis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | S. agalactiae
🗑
|
||||
| show | a gram-positive coccus that is often isolated from rectal or vaginal cultures of asymptomatic pregnant women. It is a common cause of meningitis in neonates and infants up to age 3 months.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 7 days
🗑
|
||||
| show | Escherichia coli
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pasteurella spp.
🗑
|
||||
| show | a zoonosis—a disease that humans acquire from exposure to infected animals or products made from infected animals, often feline bites
🗑
|
||||
| The three species of nonfermenters that make up the majority of isolates routinely seen in clinical laboratories include all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and S. maltophilia.
🗑
|
||||
| The atypical clinical presentation of a geriatric patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) includes all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| The atypical clinical presentation of a geriatric patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) includes | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism causes neonatal conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and trachoma? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bacteremia with this organism may lead to endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, hepatic abscess, or pyomyositis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nitrite positive
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following features should be considered in a urinary tract infection (UTI) workup | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism causes the disease called whooping cough? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Two pathogens that cause whooping cough | show 🗑
|
||||
| A young woman goes to her doctor complaining of dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. A urinalysis shows hematuria, positive protein, positive leukocyte esterase, and a positive nitrite. What is a probable diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Common cold
🗑
|
||||
| Acute sinusitis is usually a complication of | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism possesses the Vi antigen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is pharyngitis produced by group A streptococcus treated with antibiotics? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The goals of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis include | show 🗑
|
||||
| A microbiology technician is checking the mycobacteria cultures. She notices one tube of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) that is a buff color, rough, and seems arranged in a cord. It has taken these organisms 4 weeks to grow. What is the most probable organism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Colonies of M. tuberculosis that are rough also exhibit | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do the lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria and the lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria cause to be released in the human body? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epiglottis
🗑
|
||||
| Epiglottis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lipopolysaccharide, also known as endotoxin, in the case of gram-negative organisms; lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan in the case of gram-positive organisms
🗑
|
||||
| show | Haemophilus influenzae serotype b
🗑
|
||||
| show | pediatric meningitis in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Blood stream invasion and bacteremic spread follow colonization, invasion, and replication of this organism in the respiratory mucous membranes. Headache, stiff neck, and other meningeal signs are usually preceded by mild respiratory distress.
🗑
|
||||
| What organisms are most frequently isolated from cultures of individuals with otitis media? | show 🗑
|
||||
| account for more than 50% of the isolates from cases of acute otitis media. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What volume calibrated loop should be used to inoculate culture media for a urine cultures? | show 🗑
|
||||
| routine urine culture | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Probable contamination
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following organisms are common in pneumonia and produce a concurrent bacteremia EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | S. pneumonia, H. influenzae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes.
🗑
|
||||
| What is thrush? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The term thrush is applied to a specific form of oral candidiasis characterized by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
🗑
|
||||
| show | an inflammation and infection of hair follicles
🗑
|
||||
| the most common etiologic agent of folliculitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| implicated in cases acquired from contaminated swimming pools or whirlpools. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
🗑
|
||||
| show | bacteria (e.g., S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae), or viruses (e.g., Enteroviruses, herpes virus, mumps virus).
🗑
|
||||
| What organism causes pulmonary disease among individuals with cystic fibrosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bacteremia, often presenting with ecthyma gangrenosum of the skin, wound infection, pulmonary disease, among individuals with cystic fibrosis, nosocomial urinary tract infections, endocarditis, infections: burns or trauma , CNS infections, meningitis
🗑
|
||||
| What make up 80% to 90% indigenous ocular microbial flora? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Coagulase-negative staphylococci like Staphylococcus epidermidi; Usual flora of the skin consists of those microbes able to adapt to the high salt concentration and drying effects of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Oxidase
🗑
|
||||
| Most nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli are | show 🗑
|
||||
| Plesiomonas is oxidase | show 🗑
|
||||
| When reading culture plates, what must the microbiology technician consider? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Erythrogenic toxin; group A streptococcal disease that occurs when the infecting strain produces a scarlatiniform or erythrogenic toxin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Burkholderia cepacia
🗑
|
||||
| B. cepacia is | show 🗑
|
||||
| What organism is most often responsible for impetigo? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes).
.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Desquamation
🗑
|
||||
| In toxic shock syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A diffuse sunburn-like erythroderma appears early in the course and is accompanied by fever, hypotension, and evidence of multiorgan dysfunction.
🗑
|
||||
| What are two potential consequences of bacteremia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | buffered charcoul yeast extract
🗑
|
||||
| show | differential and selective media, such as MacConkey agar, and highly selective media, such as HE and XLD agar
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common complication of pertussis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a scotochromogen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| a male has fever, intense headache, stiff neck, vomiting, and light sensitive. hes sick for 2 days and condition worsened over three hours. a (CBC) and electrolytes is done The electrolytes are normal, but (WBC) is 12,000 cells/L. Whats the next test | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fever, headache, vomiting, photophobia, and altered mental status.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Enterococcus spp
🗑
|
||||
| show | older men, particularly in association with urinary tract manipulation or instrumentation or prostatic hypertrophy.
🗑
|
||||
| show | indole positive
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| Some characteristics or initial clues can indicate the presence of a nonfermenter in the clinical laboratory: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, and fluoroquinolones
🗑
|
||||
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems, including all the following EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | great morbidity and long-term medical problems, including impaired renal function, hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and complications of pregnancy as an adult.
🗑
|
||||
| If a patient has a throat culture done and the culture reveals the presence of a-hemolytic colonies, what does this indicate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the cause of most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Species that produce carotene pigment upon exposure to light; Color may range from pale yellow to orange.
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following factors can help the microbiology technician differentiate between colonization and infection, EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| All of the following factors can help the microbiology technician differentiate between colonization and infection, | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Acinetobacter spp.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis
🗑
|
||||
| What group has more urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does the biofilm protect the organism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Haemophilus spp., because they need the factor V in this area
🗑
|
||||
| Satellitism occurs when | show 🗑
|
||||
| All of the following organisms are colonizers of indwelling catheters EXCEPT: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. aureus, and Enterococcus spp., with subsequent spread to the bloodstream to cause bacteremia
🗑
|
||||
| show | usually caused by long-term cigarette smoking and occasionally by other toxic exposures.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute glomerulonephritis, a serious nonsuppurative complication of Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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