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Signs and Symptoms of CNS Involvement

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Patterns of Muscular Weakness   -upper motor neuron (spinal cord injury) -lower motor neuron (peripheral nerves) -muscle disease (ex: muscular dystrophy) -neuromuscular junction (myosina gravis) -functional  
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Upper Motor Neuron lesion   -increased tone -hyperreflexia (increased reflexes= anything over 2+) -pyramidal pattern of weakness -weak ext in the arms -weak flex in the legs  
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Upper Motor Neuron Lesion Positive Signs (things that appear)   -abnormal postures (synergies aren't abnormal but are different) -exaggerated proprioceptive reflexes -abnormal cutaneous reflexes -Babinski is present (extend & spreading of toes)  
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Upper Motor Neuron Lesion Negative Signs (things that are lost)   -neurogenic shock -loss of ability to generate forse -loss of coordination, balance, and manual dexterity  
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Lower Motor Neuron lesion   -wasting away of muscles -fasiculation (twitchy mm) -flaccid paralysis (no tone -decreaased tone (if partial innerv of a muscle is gone) -absent DTR's (cutaneous reflexes)  
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Examples of LMN lesions   -GBS (ascending polyneuropathy -polio (attacks ant horn cells randomly) -bells palsy (LMN of the face) -carpal tunnel  
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