Life Science key words and ideas
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| Punnet Square | Can be used to describe outocmes in offspring and the liklihood of each outcome.
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| Sex linked genes | mutation is on the X-Chromosome. (hemophilia or color blindness)
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| Chromosome | the rod-like compressed form of DNA in the nucleus
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| Photosynthesis | Cell uses energy in chloroplasts to make food (glucose)
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| Energy + H20 + C02 | =02 + F6H1202
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| Genetic Engineering | Genes are transferred from one organism into another; makes plants resistant to disease.
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| Cytokinesis | Final stage of cell division where the cell membrane separates (pinching into two daughter cells.
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| Cell wall | In plants, this is formed as a cell divides, in between the two new cells.
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| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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| Gene | The basic unit of heredity; a piece of DNA on the chromosome
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| Mendel | Father of genetics; he found that offspring of traits similar to their parents.
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| Dominant Gene | Is the stronger trait of the pair.
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| Recessive Gene | The weaker trait of a pair.
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| Homozygous | 2 dominant genes (purebred)
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| Heterozygous | 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene
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| genotype | The actual gene for an organis (TT, Tt)
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| Phenotype | The physical appearance of an organism (example blue eyes, freckles)
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| Mitosis | body cells have 46 chromosomes, human egg and sperm have 23 cells each.
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| allelle | The different forms of a gene, the alternating forms of a gene that governs a characteristic
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| pedigree | A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic train in several generations of a family.
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| Double helix | DNA is in the shape of a "twisted ladder"
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| Watson and Crick | Built models to show the DNA structure (like the double helix).
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| DNA reproduction | begins with one double helix, there are two when the process completes.
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