The Atmosphere - Structure and Temperature
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| ozone | A molecule of oxygen containing 3 oxygen atoms - Oxygen molecules (2 atoms) absord UV radiation and split into two separate atoms. These separate atoms collide with an oxygen molecule (2 atoms) and bond forming ozone (3 atoms).
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| troposphere | the lowermost layer of the atmosphere; characterized by a decrease in temperature as altitude increaces. The higher you go up the colder it gets.
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| stratosphere | the layer of the atmosphere immediately above the troposphere, characterized by increasing temperatures with height, due to the concentration of ozone - remember ozone absorbs UV radiation.
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| mesosphere | the layer of the atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere - temperatures decrease with height
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| thermosphere | the layer of the atmosphere immediately above the mesosphere - temperatures increase in this layer because solar radiation is absorbed by oxygen and nitrogen.
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| exosphere | the outermost layer of the earth's atmosphere. It extends from about 400 km above the earth's surface
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| ionosphere | the region of the earth's atmosphere between the stratosphere and the exosphere, consisting of several ionized layers and extending from about 50 to 250 mi. (80 to 400 km) above the surface of the earth.
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| summer solstice | Occurs on June 21 or 22 in N. Hemisphere - length of day light hours longer than darkness
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| winter solstice | Occurs on Dec. 21 or 22 in N. Hemisphere - length of darkness hours longer than daylight hours.
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| autumnal equinox | Occurs Sept. 22 or 23 in N. Hemisphere - length of day = to length of night.
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| spring equinox | Occurs Mar. 21 or 22 in N. Hemisphere - length of day = to length of night.
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| heat | Energy that is transferred from one object to another because of difference of each objects temperature
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| temperature | Measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance. The greater the movement = greater temperature.
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| conduction | the direct transfer of heat from one object to another via contact (conductor)
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| convection | the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts of a liquid or gas - air rises when warmed, cools and falls back to earth
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| radiation | the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves - sunlight
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| reflection | the process whereby light bounces back from an object at the same angle at which it encounters a surface and with the same intensity.
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| scattering | the redirecting ( in all directions) of light by small particles and gas molecules in the atmosphere = results with more light rays with a weaker intensity.
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| greenhouse effect | the heating of Earth's surface and atmosphere from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere, mainly by water vapor and carbon dioxide.
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| albedo | the fraction of total radiation that is reflected back by a surface
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| isotherm | a line connecting points of equal temperature
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