Manpower Block III study notes
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| What characteristic is symbolized by “X”? | Independent Variable
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| What characteristic is symbolized by “Y”? | Dependent Variable
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| In Manpower, what is the most common independent variable? | Workload Factor (WLF)
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| Why is WLF manipulated? | To see how it affects man-hours
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| True or False: The most common dependent variable used in Manpower is the WLF | False-Man-hours
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| Independent variables are plotted on what? | X-axis
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| Dependent variables are plotted on what? | Y-axis
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| What is the intersection of the X and Y value? | A Data Point
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| On a scatter diagram, the horizontal line is the ______ and the vertical line is the _________. | X-axis and Y-axis
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| What symbol is used to show data series that appear more than once? | A circle
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| Name the 4 types of relationships between variables? | Positive/Direct, Negative/Inverse, Curvilinear and None
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| What are the two types of curvilinear relationships? | Concave and Convex
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| If X increases and Y increases, what type of relationship is this? | Positive/Direct
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| If X decreases and Y increases, what type of relationship is this? | Negative/Inverse
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| When do data points on a scatter diagram have no relationship? | When X and Y occur without influencing each other
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| What are the different types of strengths between variables? | Strong, Weak and Unrelated
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| How do you determine if a variable relationship is strong? | Data points will be strongly clustered about the mean
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| What types of variable relationships can be strong? | Any type (positive, negative or curvilinear)
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| What is the strength of a scatter diagram that is loosely scattered about the mean? | Weak
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| If a change in X may produce a change in Y, the relationship is ______ | Weak
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| Why will a scatter plot show no correlation even though the variables are related? | The data values are too close together
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| What are equations created to predict man-hours from workload factors? | Models
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| What are the two main selection criteria for an equation? | It must be realistic and economical
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| What makes an equation realistic? | It must have a positive slope with no net loss of man-hours for an increase in workload
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| What is used to develop manpower standards? | C&R
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| Where is the C&R equation published? | In a manpower standard
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| What is a statistical process used to measure the strength and type of relationship between variables? | C&R
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| What is manipulated to see “what happens”? | Independent Variable
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| Why will C&R no prove that a cause and effect relationship exists between WLF and man-hours? | because it is inferential
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| Correlation and Regression are two separate and distinct processes, but are ______ | interrelated
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| What does Correlation measure? | the strength and direction of the relationship between variables
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| What type of equation is used for manpower standards? | Linear Bivariate
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| What is the most direct relationship between two variables? | Linear equation
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| What is the linear bivariate equation? | Yc=a + bX
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| What is the y-intercept in a linear bivariate equation? | a
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| What is the slope in a linear bivariate equation? | b
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| What does “Y” represent? | The number of man-hours predicted by C&R given a WLF and number of man-hours currently used at the sample bases
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| What are the two coefficients in a linear equation? | a and b
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| In developing manpower standards, a regression equation is created for what? | Each WLF under study
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| What is Step 1 of C&R? | Compute Summary Statistics
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| What is Step 2 of C&R? | Estimate Summary Coefficients
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| True or False: The value of the coefficient “b” must always be positive | True
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| True or False: The value of the intercept must always be positive | False
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| What is Step 3 of C&R? | Compute the Total Sum of Squares (TSS)
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| What is the formula for TSS? | TSS=SSE + SSR
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| What measures the total variation in sample data? | TSS
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| Which type of variation is unacceptable? | SSE
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| What type of variation is unexplained by the regression equation? | SSE
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| What type of variation is explained by the regression equation? | SSR
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| Why is SSR explained variation? | Because the variation among sample data occurs simply because the data was collected at different locations
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| What is the goal of SSR? | For the value to be the greater proportion of the TSS value
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| Is there a go/no-go associated with Step 3 (TSS) of C&R? | No
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| What is the go/no-go associated with Step 2 (summary coefficients) of C&R? | the “b” value must be positive
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| What is the symbol for the standard error of the estimate? | Syx
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| What measures how the data points are scattered about the regression line? | Syx (standard error of the estimate)
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| Standard error is a measure of ________ __________ | unexplained variation
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| What is the similarity between standard deviation and standard error? | They are both absolute measures of dispersion
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| Coefficient of Determination is also known as ______ | R2
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| What is a measure of explained variation? | R2
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| What must the value of R2 be to be included in a manpower standard? | Greater than or equal to 0.5
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| What allows comparison of the relative amounts of dispersion between sets of data? | Coefficient of Variation
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| What is go/no-go for Coefficient of Variation? | It must be less than or equal to .25
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| With C&R, what value takes precedence over all other values? | Coefficient of Variation (V)
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| What are the two measurements of unexplained variation? | Syx and V
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| What value is derived from the F table? | Critical F (F*)
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| What is the proportion of explained variation to unexplained? | F value
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| What is needed to obtain the critical F value from the F table? | the degrees of freedom for SSR and SSE
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| If the F value is greater than the Critical F Value, the WLF equation ________ the test. | passes
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| What determines if the sample’s proportion of explained to unexplained variation is significant enough so that one can make accurate predictions about the population man-hours? | F Test
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| What are the two values that aid in C&R analysis, but are not part of the seven steps? | Significance F and Coefficient of Correlation (R)
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| What measures the strength and direction of the relationship between X and Y? | Coefficient of Correlation (R)
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| What is the go/no-go for Significance F? | Must be less than .05
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| What is the go/no-go for R? | must be greater than or equal to 0.7071
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| What is the first thing done after a good equation is created? | Extrapolate
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| Extrapolation is only performed on the _________ ________ _________ | Chosen WLF Equation
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| What is the maximum acceptable amount of extrapolation? | 50%
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| What does extrapolation do? | Extend the applicability of the standard
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| What equation form uses two or more independent variables? | Multivariate Equation
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| What equation represents a curvilinear relationship? | Parabolic Equation
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| How do you determine the best equation for a manpower standard after it passes the six tests? | Use the equation with the highest V value
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| How many different tests must an equation pass to be eligible for a manpower standard? | 6
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| What are the six tests a manpower equation has to pass to be eligible for a standard? | (1)b must be positive, (2)R2 must be > or equal to 0.5, (3)R must be > than or equal to 0.7071, (4)Sig F must be < than 0.05, (5)V must be > than or equal to 0.25, and (6)equation must pass the F test
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| What would you do with a parabolic equation that has a concave curve? | Stop because you can’t use a concave curve in a manpower standard
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| What is a means of assigning authorized spaces to a work center? | A Manpower Standard
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| What is a driver of workload? | A WLF
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| What are man-hours? | The time spend performing work
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| What predicts man-hours? | WLF
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| If a function is particular to one location, what is appropriate? | A Single Location Standard
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| How do single location standards further break down direct and indirect man-hours? | Variable and fixed man-hours
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| What type of man-hours are directly related to WLFs? | Variable
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| What type of man-hours are unrelated to WLFs? | Fixed
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| What are man-hours related to tasks that are common to almost every work center? | Standard Indirect Allowed Man-hours (SIAMs)
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| What is the equation for a single location standard? | Y=a + b1X1 + b2X2……bnXn + SIAM
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| In a single location standard equation, what does Y represent? | the sum of all applicable man hours
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| In a single location standard equation, what does a represent? | the sum of fixed measured man-hours
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| In a single location standard equation, what does b represent? | the direct man-hours needed to produce one unit of work
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| What is SIAM in a single location standard equation? | the sum of all the indirect work man-hours
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| What is the value of the workload factor in a single location standard equation? | X
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| When determining b in a single location equation, the appropriate ratio has _________ __________in the numerator and _______ ________ in the denominator. | Variable Man-hours and WLF count
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| True or False: Skill and grade determination must not be affected by external constraints, but can be affected by funding limitations. | False (not affected by either)
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| When are grades and skills initially analyzed? | Study Planning Phase
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| When are grades and skills incorporated into manpower tables? | Data Analysis and Computation
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| What are the two methods for determining skills and grades? | C&R and non-C&R
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| True or False: C&R and non-C&R are the only two methods for determining grades and skills | False, there are several different methods
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| If you decide to use another method besides C&R or non-C&R, what must you do? | Document the method and its data source in the final report
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| How many grades per skill policy are grade and skill analysis based on? | 2
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| What are the two 9 level grades on a manpower table? | CMSgt and SMSgt
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| What are the percentages of the 9 level grades on a manpower table? | CMSgt is 33% and SMSgt is 67%
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| What are the two 7 level grades on a manpower table? | MSgt and TSgt
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| On a manpower table, the percentage ratio for 7 levels should be? | MSgt 40% and TSgt 60%
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| True or False: 5 level percentage ratio is equally divided between SSgt’s and SrA’s | True (50/50)
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| What is the easiest method used to build a manpower table? | non-C&R
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| Who decides what percentage of work is done by what skill level at an input location? | base-level functional OPR (supervisor, NCOIC)
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| How are manpower requirements calculated for a manpower table using the non-C&R method? | by dividing the upper and lower extrapolated limits by the MAF * OLF
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| What happens when a grade inversion occurs? | the number for a particular grade and skill level decrease when compared to the previous column in the table
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| What form is used in creating a manpower table? | AF Form 1113
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| Using the C&R method of grade and skill determination, who determines the grade and skill percentages? | AF Functional OPR
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| What grades and skill levels are listed on a MANTAB? | Required grades and skill levels
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| True or False: A civilian grade will be used on a MANTAB from a workcenter with six civilians and a military manager. | True
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| What concept is used in determining what skill levels are needed? | the concept that workers should spend majority of their time performing at their highest skill level
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| How many steps are used in the C&R method of developing a MANTAB? | 12
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| What AFI is used to verify OPR justification when a colonel requirement or position is identified? | AFI 38-201
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| What must be done if conditions fall outside of those listed in the Statement of Conditions? | A variance
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| What are the three types of variances? | Mission, Environmental and Technological
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| What is a positive variance? | A variance that adds man-hours to a location
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| What is a negative variance? | A variance that subtracts man-hours to a location
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| When do MAJCOMs receive their first opportunity to identify variances? | During coordination of the POD or workshop
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| Other than during POD coordination or the workshop, when can MAJCOMs identify variances? | During the five day review or after the standard is published
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| When a variance is identified, what must be completed? | An AF Form 1068
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| Where do installation manpower offices send the AF Form 1068? | MAJCOM
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| Potential variances must do what to be considered for development? | exceed 25 man-hours
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| Where does MAJCOM send the AF Form 1068? | to the AF Functional OPR
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| True or False: MAJCOM must send all variances to the AF Functional OPR | False, only supported variances are sent up the chain
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| What are the two things the AF Functional OPR decides upon receiving a potential variance from a MAJCOM? | Whether the variance is or is not covered in an AF core standard and whether it’s applicable to another MAJCOM
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| If a variance is only applicable to the requesting MAJCOM, what does the AF Functional OPR do? | comment on its merit and tell the MAJCOM whether or not to proceed with variance development
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| If a variance is applicable to more than one MAJCOM, what does the AF Functional OPR do? | send the variance to AFMA for development
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| Who does AFMA send variances to for approval? | Air Staff OPR
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| When is an AF Form 1068 for a positive variance submitted for review? | when man-hours are quantified
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| What is the formula for computing negative variance man-hours? | y=bX
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| If a function is not performing an entire process, what should be done? | A Negative Variance
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| Preferrably, when is the y=bX method used? | when the man-hours originally credited to the work center by the core standard are unknown
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| What type of variance would you create for mobility, deployment and war plan exercises? | Wartime Variance
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| What are the three categories of credit for wartime variances? | Will give, can give and will not
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| What are two types of standards application processes? | Initial application and reapplication
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| How much time is given to implement new AF Manpower Standards? | within 90 calendar days of receipt
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| What is the standard effective date after coding manpower requirements? | 3 Fiscal Quarters (current plus two)
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| When are manpower requirement decreases effective? | immediately
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| Unless directed by HQ USAF, what must MAJCOMS do with authorizations saved from implementation of AFMSs? | retain and reinvest
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| Where do you forward all requests for additional manpower resources? | HQ USAF/A1M
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| When are AFMSs reapplied? | when mission changes, significant base population changes, or when directed by MAJCOM CCs
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| How many authorizations must be affected to warrant a AFMS reapplication for base population? | 100
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| How do MAJCOM’s fund increased requirements? | Funding/Authorizations is taking from other bases within the MAJCOM
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| True/False: Each manpower standard has unique application instructions. | True
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| True/False: Normal rounding rules apply to every AFMS application. | False
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| True/False: All variances within a standard will apply at every location. | False
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| What other name is the study report known by? | Final report
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| What is a detailed document that is produced by the lead team at the end of the study to document various aspects of the study effort? | Study Report
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| What is the foundation for publication of an AFMS? | Study Report
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| What are the three major parts of a study report? | Introduction, Manpower Standard, and Data Analysis and Computations Summary
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| True or False: A quality assurance review is required for every study report. | False (only recommended)
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| What five items are included on the cover page of a study report? | typ of study report, functional area covered w/ FAC, whether it is a peacetime, wartime or combination study, who conducted the study and date of study
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| What items are included in the table of contents of a study report? | introduction, manpower standard, data analysis and computation and attachments
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| Which part of a study report contains the Developmental Locations, Development Methods and Study Period? | Part One--Introduction
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| Which part of a study report contains the Data Collection and Data Analysis information? | Part Three—Data Analysis and Computation Summary
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| Which part of study report contains the Manpower Standard? | Part Two—Manpower Standard
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| Which part of a study report contains the POD, SOC and WLF? | Part Two—Manpower Standard
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| Where would you find variance impacts in a study report? | Part Two—Manpower Standard, Attachment 3
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| Where would you find process analysis Summary Data in a study report? | Part Two—Manpower Standard, Attachment 4
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| What is the beginning and ending date of each phase of study? | Study Period
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| What information about the study participants must be included in a study report? | Office Symbol, DSN number and specific functional area
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| What must be given for all reference documents used in a study report? | the dates of the documents
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| Where do you cite the work measurement method used for a study report? | In the development method stated in part one---introduction
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| Where in a study report would you identify any work centers that were not measured at a given location? | in development locations stated in part one---introduction
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| What presents a standard for final coordination, validation, approval, application, and publication as a departmental or command document? | Formatting
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| Where should the FAC appear on a manpower standard? | at the top right corner
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| What always precedes the FAC on a manpower standard? | the letters AFMS
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| Where is the title located on a manpower standard? | in the middle of the page, directly below the heading
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| How do you designate a AFMS that is specifically for a certain MAJCOM or base? | the appropriate MAJCOM designation or base name is added after the title
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| What should you try to do when preparing a mission statement on a AFMS? | limit the statement to five typed lines
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| What is a series of broad statements that define the mission support capabilities of each subordinate element? | A Responsibility Statement
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| What should a responsibility statement in an AFMS encompass? | the major processes or work activities performed in support of the flight
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| When is a responsibility statement not required? | when a flight has no subordinate elements
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| Where would you identify the environment that a function operates in an AFMS? | In the applicability section of the AFMS
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| What must be specifically addressed in the applicability section of an AFMS? | the applicability statement, specific applicability to ANG and AFR units,
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