exam 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | bronchi
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| Bronchi branches into ___________. | show 🗑
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| Bronchioles branch into __________ ___________. | show 🗑
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| Terminal bronchioles branch into _________ ___________. | show 🗑
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| Respiratory bronchioles branch into _______ _______. | show 🗑
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| Alveolar ducts branch into _________ ________. | show 🗑
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| Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles = ______________ zone. | show 🗑
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| Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs = ______________ zone. | show 🗑
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| The ___________ contain large amounts of smooth muscle. | show 🗑
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| show | alveoli
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| show | LACK
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| Trachea and bronchi contain cartilaginous rings or lack? | show 🗑
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| The _________ are hollow air sacs that serve as the sites of gas exchange with the blood. | show 🗑
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| show | 300
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| show | Type 1 Alveolar cells
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| show | Type 2 Alveolar cells
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| show | tennis court
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| Gas exchange occurs between air in the _______ and ________ contained within the alveolar walls. | show 🗑
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| show | ventilation
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| Exchange of O2 and CO2 btwn alveolar air and blood in lung capillaries by diffusion. | show 🗑
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| show | high to low
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| Air flow rate is ________ proportional to the pressure difference between alveolar and atmospheric air. | show 🗑
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| Air flow rate is ________ proportional to the resistance to air flow offered by the airways. | show 🗑
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| Changes in air pressure are inversely related to changes in air volume. | show 🗑
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| Inspiration = _________. | show 🗑
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| show | exhalation
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| show | Respiratory cycle
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| _________ = movement of air into the alveoli | show 🗑
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| _________ = movement of air out the alveoli | show 🗑
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| Contraction (lowering) of the diaphragm to create negative pressure, pulling air into the lungs | show 🗑
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| show | phrenic
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| show | away
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| Elevation of the ribs away from the spine is accomplished mainly by contraction of the external _________. | show 🗑
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| Relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of the lungs, chest wall, and abdominal structures. | show 🗑
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| show | positive
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| Contraction of __________ muscles facilitates exhalation during heavy breathing. (pushes the abdominal organs upward against the bottom of the diaphragm, compressing the lungs. | show 🗑
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| lung compliance = ____________. | show 🗑
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| show | lung compliance
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| show | Lung compliance
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| The ________ the lung compliance, the more easily the lungs expand. | show 🗑
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| _________ (lung) compliance means that a greater change in pressure must occur to fill the lungs. | show 🗑
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| 1 of 2 determinants of lung compliance that is determined by the thickness of the lung's connective tissue. ________ of the lung tissue. | show 🗑
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| One of two determinants of lung compliance = water lining the alveoli exhibits this | show 🗑
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| A detergent-like mixture of phospholipids and protein secreted by type 2 alveolar cells that reduces surface tension. | show 🗑
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| show | False - They would!
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| show | Emphysema
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| Disease involves destruction of elastic connective tissue and the alveolar walls. | show 🗑
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| __________ __________ stimulates elastase release. | show 🗑
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| show | destroyed.
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| ________ compliance = alveoli destroyed. | show 🗑
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| Scarring of the lung = ________ _______. | show 🗑
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| Decreased lung compliance is due to an excess of connective tissue fibers in the lung (greater elasticity). | show 🗑
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| show | radius
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| Airway resistance is usually very _______. | show 🗑
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| ________ pressure difference can move large volumes of air. | show 🗑
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| The _________ resistance to airflow occurs in the medium-sized bronchi and larger bronchioles. | show 🗑
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| show | terminal
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| show | Lateral traction
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| Cause changes in resistance during the ventilatory cycle. | show 🗑
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| _______ pressure generated by elastic recoil increases airway resistance during exhalation. | show 🗑
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| show | increases
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| Chemical messengers cause bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction. | show 🗑
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| Most common chronic pulmonary disease. | show 🗑
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| Intermittent of chronic episodes of bronchoconstriction greatly increase airway resistance. | show 🗑
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| show | Asthma
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| show | bronchodilator
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| Muscarinic receptor antagonists --> block _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Epi
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| show | sympathetic
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| _______ exhibits dual innervation of bronchial and bronchiolar smooth muscle. | show 🗑
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| Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors (bronchoconstruction) = ___________ innervation. | show 🗑
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| show | Tidal volume (TV)
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| The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled above TV. | show 🗑
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| show | Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
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| Maximum volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled below resting TV. | show 🗑
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| Volume of air still remaining in the lungs after exhalation of the ERV. | show 🗑
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| Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled following maximum inspiration. | show 🗑
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| show | Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
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| show | Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
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| show | Minute Ventilation
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| show | False
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| show | Anatomical Dead Space (Vd)
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| Total volume of fresh air entering the alveoli per minute. | show 🗑
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| Inspired air that reaches the alveoli, but does not participate in gas exchange with the blood. | show 🗑
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| show | minimized
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| Alveolar dead space is greatly _________ by various kinds of lung disease (e.g., emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis) | show 🗑
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| show | Respiratory quotient (RQ)
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| In a mixture of gases, the pressure exerted by each gas is independent of the pressure exerted by the other gases present. | show 🗑
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| The total pressure of the mixture of gases is simply the sum of the individual pressures exerted by each gas (called partial pressures) | show 🗑
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| show | Barometric
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| show | Atmospher/Barometric pressure
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| show | 760
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| T or F? There is no active transport mechanism for O2 or CO2 (or any other gas). | show 🗑
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| _________ in the partial pressure of a particular gas (e.g., pO2 and pCO2 gradients) determine the passive net flux of that gas (i.e., the magnitude and direction of gas flux) | show 🗑
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| show | equal
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| _________ in pO2 and pCO2 determine the direction and magnitude of flux of those gases. | show 🗑
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| Systemic venous blood has _____ pO2 and ________ pCO2. | show 🗑
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| show | alveolar
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| At ___________, O2 leaving the alveoli is = to O2 demand by the body's tissues. | show 🗑
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| alveolar ventilation exceeds the rate of CO2 production | show 🗑
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| show | lower
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| Hyperventilation: alveolar ventilation is low relative to the rate of CO2 production | show 🗑
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| show | higher
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| alveolar air flow rate | show 🗑
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| pulmonary capillary blood flow rate | show 🗑
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| An even more important cause of hypoxia in diseased lungs is a mismatch between air supply to alveoli (termed ______-________ inequality). | show 🗑
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| show | hypoxia
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| show | blood
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| show | vasoconstriction
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| show | bronchoconstriction
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| show | lung/decreased/decreased
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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Created by:
lbreezy