Skeletal bones
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| Functions of the Skeletal System | Support- Gives Shape Protection- cranium, vertebral column and ribcage
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| Hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells
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| Calcification | Mineralzation of uncalcified matrix
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| Intramembranous Ossification | Replacement of Dense Fibrous connective tissue. 1. Flat Bones of Roof of Skull 2. The Mandible 3. The Medial 1/2 of the Clavicle
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| Endochondral Ossification | Replacement of Hyaline Cartilages. 1. Rest of bones in skull 2. The lateral 1/2 of the Clavicle 3. The rest of the bones except two sesamoid bones included in the names 206 body bones
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| Perichondrium | Covers shaft of the cartilage template bone.
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| Epiphyseal Plate | Controls Longitude Growth contains: Growth Zone and Chondroblasts-constantly undergo mitosis.
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| Diaphyseal Side | Transformation Zone- chondroclasts and osteoblasts found here
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| Long Bones | femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, plalanges- composed mostly of compact bone.
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| Short Bones | Tarsals and carpals
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| Irregular Bones | Vertebrae
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| Seasamoid Bones | Patellas and Pisiforms
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| Hypocalcemia Effects | Spontaneous Depolarization Weekness of Cardiac Muscles - inadequare supply of blood to the general circulation. Interfernce with blood coagulation.
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| Hyperparathryoidism | The over productions of PTH
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| Hypercalcemia Effects | Asthenia-Weakness of Skeletal Muscles Strong irregular contractions of the heart Clotting
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| The following are bone conditions | Blank
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| Osteitis deformans | Paget's Disease-bone resorpation and formation increases ( simanteous thickening and softening of bones
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| Osteoporosis | Reduction in the quantity of bone, atrophy of skeletal tissue. 80% cases in woman.
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| Osteopenia | any condition involving reduced bone mass
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| Osteomalacia | Sofening of the bones due to impaired mineralzation with excess accumalation of matrix- Rickets
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| Osteomyelitis | Inflamation of the bone
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| Periostium Layers- OUTER | Outer Dense fibrous collagenous containing nerves.
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| Periostium Layers- Inner | Elastic C.T. membrane called the osteogenic layer.
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| Sharpey's fibers | Tufts of collangenous fibers that physically attach the periosteum to the bone.
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| Types of Fractures-Open | Broken end of bone protrudes through skin
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| Types of Fractures-Closed | Non-protruding ends
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| Types of Fractures-Open reduction | Surgical setting
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| Types of Fractures-Closed reduction | Non-surgical setting
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| Rotator Cuff Tendons | 1. Supraspinatus 2. InfraSpinatus 3. Teres Minor 4. Subscapularis
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| Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa- | Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa- inflammation of it causes "housemaid's knee.
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| Osteoathritis of Knee | Knee replacement total is call knee arthoplasty
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| Knee Arthroscopy | Scope knee-sham surgery to make patient think they are better.
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| Complete Fracture | Goes Completely thru bone structure
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| Incomplete fracture | Fracture doesnt go completely through bone, greenstick and hairline
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| Non-displaced Fracture | Anatomical alignment does not remain the same
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| Comminuted Fracture | Bone broken in more then one plase; Depressed fracture
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| Compression Fracture | Crushed completely
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| Stage of Hematoma | Large Blood Clot-forms around broken end of bone
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| Stage of Callus formation | Loosely-wooven cartilaginous tissue which serves to termporarily "bridge " the fracture.
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| Formation order | Fibrocatilaginous callus Bony callus- spongy bone Stage of calcification
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| Wolff's Law | Bones in Humans and Animals will adapt to the pressure put on them
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| Components of an Osteon | Haversian Concentric Lacunae Canaliculi
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| Interstitial Lamellae Components | Interstitial lamellae Lacunae Canaliculi
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| Spongey Bone Contains | Trabeculae- Thin plates of bone Lacunae- embedded in trabculae
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| Hyoid Bone | Only bone in the human body that has no articulations, held by to stylohyoid ligaments
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| Cuvatures of Spine | Congenital Disease Injury Poor Body Posture
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| Functions of Vertabral Column | Support Levers for Muscles Protection of Spinal Cord Withstand forces of compression
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| Functions of Intervertebral Discs | Cushions for the vertebrae Shock apsorbers
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| Most Common injuries to Vertebrae | Crush Hyperexstension- severs spinal cord
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| Dispathology | Herniated disc can lead to nerve root irritation
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| Parts of Interverterbral Discs | Outer Layer- Dense carlage- Annulus Fibrosus Inner- soft resilient later- Nucleus Pulposus
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