Test 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The energy-carrying molecule in the body. Must be generated continuously since muscles store only enough for 1–3 seconds of activity | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
🗑
|
||||
| After depleting ATP stores, muscles turn to this source which stores energy that can be used to make ATP. Lasts 3-30 seconds of maximal physical effort. | Creatine Phosphate (CP)
🗑
|
||||
| After creatine phosphate, the next source of energy for ATP production | Glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Process by which glucose provides ATP | Glycolysis
🗑
|
||||
| Glucose source during exercise | Muscle Glycogen & Blood Glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Glycogen stores are | Limited
🗑
|
||||
| Primary glycolysis end product | Pyruvate
🗑
|
||||
| With limited Oxygen, Pyruvate is converted to | Lactic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| The by-produce of intense activity | Lactic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Excess lactic acid goes back to where to be converted into what? | Liver; Glucose
🗑
|
||||
| This type of breakdown of glucose yields two ATP molecules | Anaerobic
🗑
|
||||
| This type of breakdown of glucose yields 32-38 molecules of ATP | Aerobic
🗑
|
||||
| Source of ATP production used mainly for high-intensity activity | Carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| Source of ATP production used mainly for low intensity or long duration (marathons) activity. | Fats (Triglycerides)
🗑
|
||||
| Athletes need what percentage of total energy from Carbohydrates? | 45-65%
🗑
|
||||
| In order to enhance muscle protein synthesis and Optimize glycogen storage, following exercise in the first 4-6 hours of recovery, one must obtain: | Carbohydrates and Protein
🗑
|
||||
| GI distress, feeling heavy, bloated, and sluggish are all side effects of: | Carbohydrate (glycogen) loading
🗑
|
||||
| Alteration of exercise duration and carbohydrate intake to maximize muscle glycogen; does not always improve performance. | Carbohydrate (Glycogen) Loading
🗑
|
||||
| Increased number and activity of enzymes invovled in | Fat Metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| Recommended or not?: High protein, Low carb diet for athletes. Why? | Not recommended. Too low in energy and CHO to support training and ferformance.
🗑
|
||||
| Lubricant that bathes tissues and cells | Water
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid involved in temperature regulation (evaporative cooling) | Water
🗑
|
||||
| Dizziness due to a water imbalance is known as | Heat Syncope
🗑
|
||||
| Heat cramps due to water imbalance causes | Muscle Spasms
🗑
|
||||
| Heat exhaustion and heatstroke occur on a | Continuum
🗑
|
||||
| When should fluids be consumed? (In relation to exercise) | Before, During, and After exercise
🗑
|
||||
| Is the thirst mechanism reliable? | No
🗑
|
||||
| How much water should we drink? | Enough to maintain body weight
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins and Minerals that are needed in small amounts are known as | Micronutrients
🗑
|
||||
| Carbon containing compounds that regulate a wide range of body processes are known as | Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | A, D, E, and K
🗑
|
||||
| When one consumes ten times a recommended intake or more, it is known as: | Megadosing
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins that are toxic when taken in excess | Fat-Soluble Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins readily stored in body's adipose tissue | Fat-Soluble Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| These are not stored in large amounts; they need to be consumed on a weekly basis. Deficiency symptoms can arise quickly. | Water-Soluble Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| Naturally occurring inorganic substances | Minerals
🗑
|
||||
| All minerals are not digested nor broken down prior to absorption because they are: | Elements
🗑
|
||||
| Minerals that require at least 100mg per day | Major Minerals
🗑
|
||||
| Minerals that require less than 100 mg per day: | Trace
🗑
|
||||
| The absorption of vitamins and minerals depends on their | Chemical Form
🗑
|
||||
| Word that describes only in meats, fish, and poultry. | Heme
🗑
|
||||
| Word that describes plant and animal foods, iron-fortified foods, and supplements. | Non-Heme
🗑
|
||||
| Decreases zinc and iron absorption | Oxalic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Most minerals have better absorption from what over what? | Animal sources over supplements
🗑
|
||||
| Does enriching a low-nutrient food in vitamins in minerals turn it into a healthful food? | No
🗑
|
||||
| From which source is it easier to develop a toxicity? Supplements or Animal Foods? | Supplements
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of Vitamin C has been associated with a lower risk of: | Cataracts
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of Vitamin D has been associated with a lower risk of: | Colon Cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of Vitamin E has been associated with a lower risk of: | Complications of diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of Vitamin K has been associated with a lower risk of: | Osteoporosis
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of calcium has been associated with a lower risk of: | Hypertension (high blood pressure)
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of chromium has been associated with a lower risk of: | Type 2 Diabetes in older adults
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of Magnesium has been associated with a lower risk of: | Muscle wasting in older adults
🗑
|
||||
| Adequate intake of Selenium has been associated with a lower risk of: | Certain types of cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Do vitamins and minerals provide energy directly? | No
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins and Minerals are needed for generating energy from | Macronutrients
🗑
|
||||
| Which vitamins are particularly important in assisting energy metabolism? | B-Complex Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins and Minerals often function as: | Coenzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Coenzymes that function in cell regeneration and red blood cell synthesis: | Folate & Vitamin B12
🗑
|
||||
| Works in metabolizing CHO and BCAA; assists in the production of DNA, RNA, and synthesis of neurotransmitters: | Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
🗑
|
||||
| Pork products, sunflower seeds, beans, whole or enriched grains are all good sources of: | Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of this causes beriberi | Thiamin (vitamin B1)
🗑
|
||||
| What is beriberi? | muscle wasting, nerve damage
🗑
|
||||
| Coenzyme involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. Part of coenzyme glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant) | Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
🗑
|
||||
| Milk, enriched foods, and meat are good sources for: | Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
🗑
|
||||
| Light-sensitive vitamin | Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of Riboflavin is known as: | Ariboflavinosis
🗑
|
||||
| Ariboflavinosis is characterized by | a deficiency of riboflavin and a sore throat and swollen mucous membranes
🗑
|
||||
| Coenzyme of Riboflavin | FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)
🗑
|
||||
| The two forms of Niacin | Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin required for oxidation-reduction reactions of CHO, proteins, and fats; can be made from amino acid tryptophan | Niacin (Vitamin B3)
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of this causes Pellagra | Niacin (Vitamin B3)
🗑
|
||||
| Good sources of this Vitamin include meat, fish, poultry, enriched breads and cereals | Niacin (Vitamin B3)
🗑
|
||||
| Coenzyme in amino acid metabolism and glucagoneogenesis | Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
🗑
|
||||
| Good sources of this vitamin include: meat, fish, poultry, enriched cereals, and starchy veggies | Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
🗑
|
||||
| Toxicity form high dose supplements of pyridoxine causes | Nerve damage and Skin lesions
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of this vitamin causes damage to skin, blood, and nerve tissue | Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
🗑
|
||||
| 3 groups of coenzymes: | Pyridoxine (PN)
Pyridoxal (PL)
Pyridoxamine (PM)
🗑
|
||||
| Essential for fatty acid metabolism & required for synthesizing cholesterol, steroids, and detoxification of drugs | Pantothenic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Good sources of this vitamin include: Chicken, beef, egg yold, potatoes, oat cereals, and tomato products | Pantothenic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiencies are rare and there are no adverse side effects from excess amounts of this vitamin | Pantothenic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Coenzymes for fatty acid synthesis, glucagoneogenesis; carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism | Biotin
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency seen in large consumption of raw egg whites over time | Biotin
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin-like substance. Metabolism, cell membranes, neurotransmission, fat and cholesterol metabolism/transport. Found in Bile | Choline
🗑
|
||||
| Homocysteine Metabolism, widespread in foods | Choline
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of this causes fat accumulation in the liver: | Choline
🗑
|
||||
| Component of thyroid hormones. Regulates body temperature, metabolism. Important for reproduction and growth | Iodine
🗑
|
||||
| Good Sources of this include: saltwater fish, iodized salts | Iodine
🗑
|
||||
| Excess iodine consumption interferes with function of | thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| What is a goiter? | An enlarged thyroid gland due to excess iodine or too little iodine.
🗑
|
||||
| Two iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) | Cretinism and Hypothyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| Characterized by mental retardation and stunted growth; caused by iodine deficiency | Cretinism
🗑
|
||||
| Caused by iodine deficiency; characterized by decreased body temp, cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue, and sluggishness | Hypothyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| Toxicity of iodine and autoimmune disease (Grave's Disease) causes | Hyperthyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| Caused by iodine toxicity; characterized by weight loss, increased heat production, muscular tremors, nervousness, racing heartbeat, and protrution of the eyes | Hyperthyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| Assists insulin to transport glucose from the bloodstream into the cells; important for RNA and DNA metabolism; supports immune function and growth | Chromium
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of chromium causes | rise in blood glucose and insulin levels
🗑
|
||||
| Cofactor in protein, fat, and CHO metabolism, glucagoneogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and urea formation | Manganese
🗑
|
||||
| Part of antioxidant superoxide dismutase; whole grain foods are a good source | Manganese
🗑
|
||||
| Toxicity of this impairs the nervous system, causing spasms and tremors | Manganese
🗑
|
||||
| A major mineral and component of thiamin and biotin | Sulfur
🗑
|
||||
| Sulfur is a part of the two amino acids: | Methionine & Cysteine
🗑
|
||||
| Required by liver for alcohol detoxification; assists in maintaining acid-base balance; obtained from dietary proteins | Sulfur
🗑
|
||||
| Diets high in unenriched, processed foods provide inadequate levels of which vitamins? | B-Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| Compounds that protect cells from the damage caused by oxidation | Antioxidants
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamins E,C,A, and Selenium all have what kind of properties? | Antioxidant
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons | Oxidation
🗑
|
||||
| Occurs when atoms gain an electron | Reduction
🗑
|
||||
| Stable atoms have an even number of electrons (pairs) orbiting; electron loss during oxidation leaves an odd number or unpaired electron, causing unstable atom otherwise known as a | Free Radical
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygen molecule that becomes a free radical is known as | Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
🗑
|
||||
| Metabolic processes such as the immune system fighting infections and Environmental factors such as pollution, excess sunlight, toxic substances, radiation, tobacco smoke, and asbestos cause | Free Radicals
🗑
|
||||
| When free radicals form within the phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes and steal electrons, this causes | Cell Damage
🗑
|
||||
| What can free radicals damage? | LDLs, cell proteins, and DNA
🗑
|
||||
| What is increased when there are free radicals in the body? | Risk for chronic disease
🗑
|
||||
| What stabilizes free radicals and opposes oxidation? | Antioxidants
🗑
|
||||
| This donates electrons or hydrogen molecules to free radicals to stabilize them and reduce oxidation damage | Antioxidant Vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| These act as cofactors within enzyme systems that convert free radicals to less damaging substances that can be excreted | Antioxidant Minerals
🗑
|
||||
| These breakdown oxidized fatty acids and make more vitamin antioxidants available to fight other free radicals. | Antioxidant Enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione peridoxase are | Antioxidant Enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| converts free radicals to less damaging substances, such as hydrogen peroxide | Superoxide dismutase
🗑
|
||||
| removes hydrogen peroxide from the body | Catalase
🗑
|
||||
| Removes hydrogen peroxide | Glutathione Peridoxase
🗑
|
||||
| Fat soluble, absorbed with dietary fats; stored in adipose tissue, cell membranes | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| Incorporated into the chylomicron to be transported to the liver and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| The biologically active forms of Vitamin E | Tocopherol compounds
🗑
|
||||
| Form of Vitamin E that is most potent, found in food | Alpha-tocopherol
🗑
|
||||
| What is the RDA for alpha-tocopherol? | 15 mg/day
🗑
|
||||
| Protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fatty cell components, and LDLs from oxidation (lowering heart disease risk) are all functions of | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| This is added to oil-based foods and skincare products to reduce rancidity and spoilage | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| This is essential for normal nerve and muscle development, an enhanced immune system, and for vitamin A absorption if it is low | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| This is destroyed by exposure to oxygen, metals, ultraviolet light, and heat | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| Toxicity of this vitamin causes nausea, intestinal distress, and diarrhea | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| This vitamin interacts with anticoagulants (aspirin, Coumadin) | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| Long term use of this vitamin may cause hemorrhagic stroke | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| Deficiency of this causes Erythrocyte hemolysis (rupturing of blood cells) and leads to anemia | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| Loss of muscle coordination and reflexes, impaired vision, speech, and immunity as well as fat malabsorption are all symptoms of deficiency of this | Vitamin E
🗑
|
||||
| Water soluble vitamin that synthesizes collagen, DNA, Bile, neurotransmitters (serotonin), Catnitine, and hormones | Vitamin C
🗑
|
||||
| What is associated with neurotransmitters? | Serotonin
🗑
|
||||
| What is associated with transportation of long-chain fatty acids? | Carnitine
🗑
|
||||
| Thyroxine, Epinephrine, and Steroids are what? | Hormones
🗑
|
||||
| What does Vitamin C do for LDL cholesterol? | It is an antioxidant for protecting LDL-cholesterol from oxidation
🗑
|
||||
| What does vitamin C, as an antioxidant, do for the lungs? | It protects the lungs from ozone and cigarette damage
🗑
|
||||
| What does Vitamin C, as an antioxidant, do for the White blood cells? What occurs as a result? | It protects them & results in an enhanced immune function
🗑
|
||||
| What reduces nitrosamines? | Vitamin C
🗑
|
||||
| Cancer-causing agent found in cured and processed meats | Nitrosamines
🗑
|
||||
| What regenerates oxidized vitamin E and enhances iron absorption? | Vitamin C
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Vitamin C requirements? | 90 mg/day (men), 75 mg/day (women)
🗑
|
||||
| Do smokers require more Vitamin C? How much More? | Yes; 35 mg/day more
🗑
|
||||
| What causes a need for more Vitamin C? | Healing from traumatic injury, surgery, burns, and birth control.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the best source of Vitamin C? | Fresh fruits and veggies
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 things destroy Vitamin C? | Heat and Oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| 3 methods of cooking that reduce vitamin C loss. | steaming, microwaving, and stir-frying
🗑
|
||||
| What is the UL for Vitamin C? | 2,000 mg/day
🗑
|
||||
| What can long term excess Vitamin C intake cause? | Nausea, diarrhea, nosebleeds, and abdominal cramps
🗑
|
||||
| What is hemochromatosis? | Excess Iron accumulation in the body
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common Vitamin C deficiency disease? | Scurvy
🗑
|
||||
| Bleeding gums, loose teeth, weakness, wounds that fail to heal, bone pain and fractures, diarrhea, and depression are all symptoms of | Scurvy
🗑
|
||||
| Does drug and alcohol abuse increase risk for vitamin C deficiency? | Yes
🗑
|
||||
| Does a low fruit and veggie intake increase the risk for vitamin C deficiency? | Yes
🗑
|
||||
| Liquid portin of cells and tissues; able to move freely and adapt to shapes; about 50-70% of healthy adult body weight | Body Fluids
🗑
|
||||
| Within the cell; 2/3 of body fluid | intracellular fluid (ICF)
🗑
|
||||
| outside the cell; 1/3 of body fluid | extracellular fluic (ECF)
🗑
|
||||
| Material between cells that make up a particular tissue or organ (muscle, liver) | Interstitial Fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Water in the blood and lymph that transports blood cells within arteries, veins, and capillaries. | Intravascular Fluid (Plasma)
🗑
|
||||
| Where is fluid content higher: Lean tissue or fatty tissue? | Lean Tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Doe males or females have more lean tissue? | Males
🗑
|
||||
| Why does body water increase with age? | People lose lean tissue as they age
🗑
|
||||
| Dissolved substances that disassociate in solution into electrically charged particles called ions | Electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| Which electrolytes are positively charged? | Na+, K+
🗑
|
||||
| Which electrolytes are negatively charged? | CL-, HPO4 2-
🗑
|
||||
| What are the predominant electrolytes in extracellular fluid? | Sodium, Chloride
🗑
|
||||
| What are the predominant electrolytes in intracellular fluid? | potassium, phosphorous
🗑
|
||||
| 2 things that help regulate blood volume and BP | Fluids, Kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
🗑
|
||||
| Responds to decreased Blood pressure | Renin
🗑
|
||||
| Increases Blood Pressure | Angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor)
🗑
|
||||
| signals the kidneys to retain sodium and chloride, thereby retaining water, increasing blood pressure, and decreasing urine output | Aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord | Cerebrospinal Fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid that protects the fetus | Amniotic
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid that lubricates the joints | Synovial Fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid that cleanses and lubricates eyes | Tears
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid that moistens food for swallowing | Saliva
🗑
|
||||
| permeable to water, but not freely permeable to electrolytes | Cell Membranes
🗑
|
||||
| How does water move? | By Osmosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is Osmosis | Lower concentration to higher concentration
🗑
|
||||
| keeps electrolytes from drawing liquid toward them across a semipermeable membrane | Osmotic Pressure
🗑
|
||||
| This enables nerves to respond to stimuli | Electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| Nerve impulses are initiated at nerve cell membranes in response to a change in _____ _____ across the membrane | electrical charge
🗑
|
||||
| These electrolytes ensure that nerve impulses are generated, transmitted, nd completed: | Na+ and K+
🗑
|
||||
| Excretion of water as urine and sweat during exercise or in a hot environment are examples of what? | Sensible Water Loss
🗑
|
||||
| Excretion of water through skin (not sweating) or through lungs during exhalation are examples of what? | Insensible Water Loss
🗑
|
||||
| Six sources of Drinking water | Carbonated, Mineral, distilled, purified, tap, bottled
🗑
|
||||
| Leading cause of death around the world | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if we drink too much water? | Dilution of blood sodium concentration
🗑
|
||||
| Electrolyte that affects BP, acid-base balance, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction and relaxation, glucose absorption from the small intestine. | Sodium
🗑
|
||||
| AI of sodium | 1,500 MG/ day
🗑
|
||||
| what is common with high sodium diets? | high blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Abnormally high blood sodium concentration | Hypernatremia
🗑
|
||||
| When a patient cannot effectively excrete sodium, it is likely they have one of two conditions: | Congestive heart failure or kidney disease
🗑
|
||||
| When a patient cannot effectively excrete sodium exemplify symptoms of | High blood volume, edema (swelling), and high blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Abnormally low blood sodium levels | Hyponatremia
🗑
|
||||
| Occurs from prolonged sweating, vomiting, diarrhea | Hyponatremia
🗑
|
||||
| Together with sodium, maintains fluid balance and regulates the contraction of muscles and transmission of nerve impulses | Potassium
🗑
|
||||
| A high intake of this electrolyte helps maintain lower blood pressure | Potassium
🗑
|
||||
| The main source of this is fresh fruits, veggies, legumes, and whole grains | Potassium
🗑
|
||||
| Processed foods increases what and decreases what content? | Sodium; Potassium
🗑
|
||||
| High Blood Potassium Levels | Hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Can alter normal heart rhythm, resulting in heart attack and death | Hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Low blook potassium levels | Hypokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Seen in people with kidney disease or diabetic ketoacidosis | Hypokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Can occur when taking certain diuretics and with extreme dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, alcohol abuse, long-term consumption of natural licorice (glycyrrhizic acid or GZA), or eating disorder (abnormal heart rhythms) | Hyptokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Aids digestion (HCL in the stomach); assists the immune system and in the transmission of nerve impulses | Chloride
🗑
|
||||
| Hypertension in salt-sensitive individuals is a toxicity of | Chloride
🗑
|
||||
| Required for fluid balance, critical role in bone formation, activates or deactivates enzymes | Phosphorus
🗑
|
||||
| The activation or deactivation of enzymes with the use of phosphorus | Phosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
| Found in ATP, DNA, RNA, cell membranes, and lipoproteins | Phosphorus
🗑
|
||||
| Found in high protein foods: meat, milk, eggs. More readily absorbed from animal sources | Phosphorus
🗑
|
||||
| The plant storage form of Phosphorus | Phytic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if you consume too much phosphorus? | Muscle spasms, convulsions
🗑
|
||||
| When fluid loss exceeds fluid intake, this occurs | Dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Who is at increased risk for dehydration? | Elderly and Infants
🗑
|
||||
| Condition when kidneys retain too much water, causing overhydration and hyponatremia | Water Intoxication
🗑
|
||||
| An imbalance in this can alter nervous system and muscle function | Electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| Beta-Carotene is a phytochemical classified as a | cartenoid
🗑
|
||||
| Expressed in food as Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE), which indicates how much active vitamin A is available to the body after conversion | Beta-Carotene
🗑
|
||||
| Weak antioxidant; fights lipid oxidation in cell membranes; enhances immune system; protects skin from UV-ray damage | Beta-Carotene
🗑
|
||||
| Not an essential nutrient; doesn't have an RDA nor does it have an AI | Beta Carotene
🗑
|
||||
| Red, orange, yellow, and deep green fruits and vegetables are the food sources of this | Beta-Carotene
🗑
|
||||
| What improves digestibility and absorption of Beta-Carotene? | Heat
🗑
|
||||
| reversible and harmless skin condition in which the skin pigment turns orange | carotenosis
🗑
|
||||
| Active forms of Vitamin A | Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Where is Vitamin A mostly stored? | In the Liver
🗑
|
||||
| Vision,sexual reproduction, bone health, immune system | Retinol and Retinal
🗑
|
||||
| Cell differentiation, bone health, immune function | Retinoic Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Antioxidant, scavenges free radicals and protects LDL from oxidation; sperm production and fertilization | Vitamin A
🗑
|
||||
| Food Sources: animal (liver, egs, dairy, fortified foods) plants (darkgreen, orange, and deep yellow fruits and veggies) | Vitamin A
🗑
|
||||
| Which vitamin is highly toxic? | A
🗑
|
||||
| night blindness, xerophthalmia, hyperkeratosis, impaired immunity, failure of normal growth | Deficiency of Vitamin A
🗑
|
||||
| antioxidant Part of glutathione peroxidase enzyme system and spares vitamin E | Selenium
🗑
|
||||
| Thyroxine production, basal metabolism, body temperature | Selenium
🗑
|
||||
| Sources: organ meats, pork, seafood | Selenium
🗑
|
||||
| Keshan Disease, Kashin Beck Disease, Impaired immunity. | Selenium Deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| Brittle hair and nails, skin rashes, vomiting, nausea, weakness, cirrhosis of the liver | Toxicity of selenium
🗑
|
||||
| 3 antioxidants that are part of the superoxide dismutase enzyme antioxidant complex | copper, zinc, and manganese
🗑
|
||||
| Leading cause of death in adults. US. | Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
🗑
|
||||
| what is atherosclerosis? | hardening of the arteries
🗑
|
||||
| Scavenge free radicals Reduce low-grade inflammation Reduce blood coagulation and clot formation | Vitamin E and lycopene
🗑
|
||||
| Leading cause of blindness Deterioration of center portion of retina Loss of the ability to see details | macular degeneration
🗑
|
||||
| Damaged portion of eye’s lens (cloudy vision) Impaired adjustment from dark to bright light | cataract
🗑
|
||||
| What are the fat soluble vitamins? | A, D, E, and K
🗑
|
||||
| What is megadosing? | taking 10 or more times the RDA or AI
🗑
|
||||
| What are not digested or broken down prior to absorption? | Minerals
🗑
|
||||
| Which four minerals are important for fluid balance? | Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, and Chloride
🗑
|
||||
| What are they two types of dietary irons? | Heme and Non heme
🗑
|
||||
| Can fats be metabolized to generate ATP? | Yes
🗑
|
||||
| What two things decrease zinc and iron absorption? | Oxalic Acid and Tonins
🗑
|
||||
| What energy source is used for high intensity activity? | Carbs
🗑
|
||||
| What energy source is used for low intensity activity? | Fats (triglycerides)
🗑
|
||||
| In a healthy individual, how much of body weight should be made up of water? | 50-70%
🗑
|
||||
| What does an influx of CA2+ into the muscle from the extracellular space result in? | Muscle Contraction
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
taylorx652
Popular Science sets