68wm6 1101 ch7 muscular(nguyen)
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| what are muscle fibers? | the specialized contractile cells of muscle tissue that are grouped together and arranged in a highly organized way
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| what is skeletal muscle? | aka voluntary muscle or striated; muscles under willed or voluntary control
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| what is cardiac muscle? | the specialized muscle that makes up the heart
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| what is smooth muscle? | aka involuntary muscle or nonstriated; muscles that are not under conscious control; forms walls of blood vessels and hollow organs
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| what is origin? | the attachment of a muscle to the bone that does not move when contraction occurs, as distinguished from insertion
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| what is insertion? | attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves when contraction occurs(as distinguished from its origin)
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| What are tendons? | bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure
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| what are bursae? | small, cushion-like sacs found between moving body parts, making movement easier
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| what is synovial membrane? | connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid
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| what are tendon sheaths? | tube-shaped structure lined with synovial membrane that encloses certain tendons
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| what are myofilaments? | ultramicroscopic, threadlike structures found in myofibrils; thick myofilament and thin myofilament
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| what is myosin? | contractile proteinfound in the thick filaments of skeletal muscle
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| what is actin? | contractile protein found in the thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle
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| what is sarcomere? | contractile unit of muscle; length of a myofibril between two Z bands
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| what is the prime mover? | the muscle responsible for producing a particular movement
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| what are synergists? | muscles that assists a prime mover
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| what are antagonist muscles? | those having opposing actions; for ex, muscles that flex the upper arm are antagonists to muscles that extend it
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| what is tonic contraction? | special type of skeletal muscle contraction used to maintain posture
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| what is posture? | postion of the body
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| what hypothermia? | subnormal core body temp below 37 degrees Celsius
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| what is fatigue? | loss of muscle power; weakness
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| what is paralysis? | loss of power of motion, especially voluntary motion
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| what is oxygen debt? | continued increase metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that resulted from exercise
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| what is a motor neuron? | transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues
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| what is the neuromuscular junction? | the point of contact between the nerve endings and muscle fibers
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| what are neurotransmitters? | chemicals by which neurons communicate
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| what is a motor unit? | a single motor neuron with the muscle cells it innervates
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| what is threshold stimulus? | minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract
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| what are the three primary functions os the muscular system? | movement, posture or muscle tone, heat production
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| what is eccentric contraction? | tension during muscle lengthening
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| what are the types of skeletal muscle contractions? | twitch, tetanic, isotonic, isometric
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| what are the muscles of the head and neck? | frontal, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
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| what is the iliopsoas? | classified as a flexor of the thigh, it is a postural muscle that stabilizes and keeps the trunk from falling over backwards when you stand
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| what is happening with "concentric contraction"? | the insertion end moves towards the point of origin and the muscle shortens
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| what is happening with "eccentric contraction"? | the insertion moves away from the origin and the muscle produces tension as it lengthens
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| what isotonic contraction? | contraction of the muscle that changes its length; same tension/changing length
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| what is isometric contraction? | the muscle does not shorten and no movement results, muscle's length during isometric contraction and relaxation is about equal; same length/changing tension
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| what is disuse atrophy? | shrink in muscle mass due to prolonged inactivity
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| What is the kissing muscle? | orbicularis oculi
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| what is the smiling muscle? | zygomaticus
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| what muscle raises the eyebrows? | frontal muscle
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| what are the muscles of mastication? | masseter(elevates the mandible), temporal(assists masseter in closing the jaw)
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