Lifespan Human Development
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| Extinction | show 🗑
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| show | The response to a stimulus s affected by the consequences of that behavior. Trial and error learning results in some behaviors being stamped in(positive reinforcers), while others are stamped out (negative reinforcers).
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| show | a learners behavior becomes either more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces.
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| show | occurs when a consequence strengthens a response, or makes it more likely to occur. Positive reinforcement is adding something. Negative reinforcement is taking something away.
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| show | decreases the strength of the behavior or weakens it. Positive punishment occurs when an unpleased event is added to the situation following the behavior, ex. Spankings. Negative punishment occurs when something pleasant is removed following the behavior.
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| show | Bandura is the founder of the social cognitive theory. Observational learning is learning by observing the behavior of other people and imitating it. Ex. Bobo doll experiment. Modeling is the imitation of behaviors learned through observation.
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| show | a log of something said or done that your memory holds an afterimage or echo of. Much that strikes the sensory register quickly disappears without farther processing.
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| show | Meaning facts without reference to time or place of learning.
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| show | Personal, specific experience at a particular time, in a particular space
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| Deferred imitation & sequenced imitation | show 🗑
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| Rehearsal | show 🗑
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| show | Classifying items into meaningful groups before rehearsal. Not helpful in rehearsal until about age 9-10.
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| What are some of the ways IQ is commonly defined? | show 🗑
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| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was created by who? | show 🗑
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| show | Divided single number scale for IQ. IQ= mental age X 100.
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| show | Translated, adapted and revised the Binet scale; created new age norms for American children. Extended upper age range to adults. Used test to measure inherited intelligence.
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| Army alpha tests: | show 🗑
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| Immigrant testing- 1913: | show 🗑
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| What are the Wechsler scales – know which version of the scale is used for what age group.? | show 🗑
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| show | 4yrs and 6/12 yrs.
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| WISC-IV | show 🗑
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| show | adult
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| show | Verbal and Performance.
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| What is Spearman’s general ‘g’ factor and ‘s’ specific abilities? | show 🗑
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| show | an infant wants to master its environment and mastery motivation can be seen when an infant struggles to figure things out (open cabinets, take first steps, figure out how new toys work).
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| Drives vs. incentives | show 🗑
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| Drive-reduction theory | show 🗑
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs | show 🗑
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| show | desire for accomplishment, mastery, attain high standards, control. Learned motive to compete and strive for excellence. Sense of Agency. In a 2 mo. old: reorganizing that actions produce certain outcomes; String Pulling Experiment.
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| show | desire to control the environment; master tasks simply because they’re there; Mastery Motive; guides play in infancy: actions centered on body, actions on objects; influences on infancy: secure attachment, stimulation, responsive environment.
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| 6) What kind of tasks do high achievers select=> | show 🗑
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| 7) As a child what were high achievers like=> | show 🗑
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| 8) What is a | show 🗑
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| - mastery orientation=> | show 🗑
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| show | aim to prove ability rather than improve it in order to get positive feedback from others.
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| show | Aptitude Treatment Interaction( Cronbach and Snow): there are various levels of learning, ability, and personality style; no one teaching method.
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| show | (Thomas and Chess); good relationship between person (child) and environment (child’s social environment)
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| show | (Martin Covington); Create an environment that promotes learning and downplays competitive race for the best grade in class and not just end at a bad grade.
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| show | providing sensory stimulation, building a secure attachment relationship; stress and reinforce independence and encourage to do things on their own unless they know they can’t do it (achievement motivation); emphasize high standards of performance
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| -theory X: | show 🗑
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| -theory Y: | show 🗑
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| show |
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