CCAC NRN 102 Genetics, Conception and Fetal Development
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| In Maternity care, when do genetics issues occur? | Before, during and after pregnancy.
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| What does Genetic testing involve? | Analysis of DNA, RNA, chromosomes, or proteins to detect abnormalities related to an inherited condition.
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| Decisions about genetic testing are shaped and in many instances contrained by what factors? | Social norms, where care is received, and socioeconomic status. Culture and ethnic differences also have a significant impact on genetic testing.
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| By what two methods are cells reproduced? | Mitosis and meiosis
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| By which type of reporuction of cells does the cell divide and decrease the number of chromosomes by half and give and example. | Meiosis, egg and sperm cells
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| ______________is the union of a single egg and sperm and marks the beginning of pregnancy. | Conception
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| Where does fertilization take place? | In the ampulaa( outer third) of the uterine tube.
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| How long are ova considered fertile? | Approximately 24 hours after ovulation.
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| How long do sperm remain viable within a woman's reproductive system? | 2 to 3 days
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| ______________is when the sperm penetrates the membrane surrounding the ovum. | Fertilization
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| When does implantation occur? | Between 6 and 10 days after conception.
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| What are the three primary germ layers? | Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
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| How long does pregnancy last? | 10 lunar months, 9 calendar months, 40 weeks, or 280 days.
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| Conception occurs how long after the LMP? | Approximately 2 weeks.
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| What are the three stages of intrauterine development? | Pre-embryonic, embryo, and fetus.
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| What is the amount of amniotic fluid at term? | 800 to 1200 ml
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| List 3 functions of amniotic fluid. | maintains body temperature, source of oral fluid, repository for wastes, cushions fetus from trauma, allows freedom of movement for musculoskeletal development, keeps fetus from tangling with the membranes.
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| Less than 300 ml of amniotic fluid. | Oligohydramnios
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| What is oligohydramnios associated with? | renal abnormalities
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| What is fluid volume greater than 2L associated with? | GI and other malformations
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| How many vessels make up the umbilical cord? | 2 arteries and 1 vein
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| When does the stage of the fetus begin? | 9 weeks
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| ____________is the capability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus. | Viability
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| What is the age of viability? | 22 weeks from the LMP or 20 weeks postconception with fetal weight of 500 gms.
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| What is the most critical pulmonary surfactant for postnatal lung expansion? | Lecithin
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| What pulmonary surfactant remains constant in the amount present in the amniotic fluid? | Sphingomyelin
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| What ratio of L/S indicates the infant's lungs are mature? | 2:1
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| What part of fetal circulation allows blood to by-pass the lungs? | Ductus Arteriosus
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