chapter 4 for mr norris
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| what is the main groups of the upper limbs or extremities? | Hand,Forearm,Arm, and Shoulder griddle
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| The hand consists of how many bones? | 27
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| The hand is subdivided into 3 group.What are they? | PHALANGES:bones of digits(finger and thumb)METACARPALS:bones of palm and CARPALS:bones of wrist
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| The five digits are described by numbers and names.What are they? | FIRST digit(thumb).SECOND digits(index finger).THIRD digit(middle finger).FOURTH digit(ring finger).FIFTH digit(small finger)
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| The digits contain a total of __ _____,which are ___ bones that cosits of a ____ body and ____ __. | 14 phalanges;long bones;cylindric body;and articular ends
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| Nine phalanges have __ articular ends. | 2
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| The first digits have __ phalanges and the other digits have __ phalanges | 2 (proximal and distal) and 3 (proximal and middle and distal)
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| What do the distal phalanges look like? | small and flattened, with roughended rim around their distal anterior end; this gives them a spatula-like appearance
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| What does each phalanx consits of? | Head ,body, and base
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| The bones of the palm are called what and how many are there? | Metacarpals and there are 5
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| What do metacarpals look like? | cylindric in shape and slightly concave anteriorly
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| metacarpals are __ bones consisting of a ___ and _ __ ends, the __ distally and the __ proximally. | long bones;body and 2 articular ends;head distal and base proximal
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| The area below the head of the metacarpals is the __? | neck
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| Where do most fractures occur in the metacarpals? | the neck
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| The metacarpals heads are also called what and are visible on doral hand flexion? | knuckles
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| The first metacarpals contains 2 small __ bones on its __ aspect below the head. | 2 small sesamoid bones; palmer
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| How are the metacarpals numbersed? | 1 to 5 from lateral side of the hand
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| What do each metacarpals consists of? | head, neck, body, and base
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| What is the name of the bones for the wrist and how many are there? | carpals and there are 8
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| How are the carpals arranged? | they are closely fitted together and arranged in two horizontal rows.
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| The carpals are classified as what type of bones ? | short bones; composed largely of cancellous tissue w/ outer layer of compact bony tissue
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| Name the carpal bones that are the nearest to the forearm? | proximal row:scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform
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| Name the carpal bones that are furthest from the forarm? | distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
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| Whats the name of the largest and smallest carpal bone in the proximal row? | scaphiod (largest) and pisiform
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| What carpal bone is palpable near the base of the thumb? | scaphiod
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| The carpal bone that articulates with the radius and what shape is the bone? | lunate and crescent shape
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| The carpal bone that articultes anteriorly with the hamate and what shape is it? | triquetrum and roughly pyramidal
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| What is the name of easily palpated bone of the carpals and what is the shape and where is it located? | pisiform and pea-shaped bone and it is anterior to the triquetrum
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| The tubercles of the __ and scaphiod comprise the lateral margin of carpal groove | trapezium
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| The __ has a smaller surface anteriorly then posteriorly. | trapeziod
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| The __ articulates with the base of the third metacarpals and is the largest carpal. | capitate
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| The __ shaped __ exhits the prominent hook of __, which is located on the anterior surface. | wedge shaped hamate; hamate
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| The __ and the __ form the medial margin of the carpal groove. | hamate;pisiform
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| This depression is triangular and is located on the posterior surface of the wrist and is visible when thumb is abducted and extended, what is the name? | anatomic snuffbox
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| This is formed by the tendons of two major muscles of the thumb and overlies the scaphiod bone and radial artery. | anatomic snuffbox
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| The most commonly fractured carpal bone is __ and signs suggesting fracture is __. | scaphiod; the tenderness of the snuffbox
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| The anterior or palmer surface of the wrist is called? | carpal sulcus
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| This contains two bones that lie parallel to each other,what is this? | forearm
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| The name of the two bones that forn the forearm? | radius and ulna
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| The radius and ulna are __ bones and they have a __ and two __ exterities. | long;body;articular
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| How is the radius and ulna is located ? | radius:lateral side of forearm and ulna:medial side
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| The upper portion of the ulna is __ and presents two __ __ processes and concave __. | large; beak-like; depression
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| This is anteriorly and slightly inferiorly of the ulna and forms the proximal portion of the trochlear notch. | olecranon process
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| This projects anteriorly from the anterior surface of the body of the ulna and curves slightly superiorly and is triangular. | coronoid process
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| The __ __ is located on the lateral aspect of the coronoid process. | radial notch
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| the distal end of the ulna includes a rounded process on its lateral side called the __ and a narrow projection called __. | head; ulna styloid process
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| An articular disk seperates the head of the ulna from the wrist __. | joint
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| The proximal end of the radius is small and presents a __ ____ head above a constricted area called the __. | flat disklike;neck
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| On the medial side of the body of the radius is a roughened process called ___. | radial tuberosity
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| The distal end of the radius is broad and flattened and has projection on its laderal suface called _____ | radial styloid process
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| The arm has one bone called ? | humerus
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| the proximal end of humerus articulates with the ? | shoulder griddle
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| The entire distal end of the humerus is called ___ and articulates with bones of the forearm. | humeral condyle
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| The __ and __ ____ of humerus are superior to the condyle and easily __. | medial;lateral epicondyles; palpated
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| On the anterior suface superior to the troclea ,a shallow depression called ___ recieves the coronoid process when the elbow is flexed. | coronoid fossa
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| A round, marble like structure | capitulum
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| A bony prominence; easy palpated | medial epicondyle
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| A spool-like structure | thochlear
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| a depression; located on the anterior surface | coronoid fossa
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| a depression; located on the posterior suface | olecranon
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| Fliud filled cyst with a wall of fibrous tissue. | bone cyst
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| Inflammation of the bursa | bursitis
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| displacement of a bone from the joint space | dislocation
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| disruption in the continuity of bone | fracture
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| facture at the base of the first metacarpal | bennetts
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| fracture at the metacarpal neck | boxers
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| fracture of the distal radius with posterior (dorsal) displacement | colles
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| fracture of distal radius with anterior (palmer) displacement | smiths
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| impacted fracture with bulging of the periosteum | torus or buckle
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| hereditary form of arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints | gout
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| accumulation of fliud in the joint associated with an underlying condition | joint effusion
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| transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another | metastases
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| form of arthritis marked by progressive cartliage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae | osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease
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| inflammation of bone due to a pyogenic infection | osteomyelitis
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| increased density of atypically soft bone | osteopetrosis
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| loss of bone density | osteoporosis
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| chronic ,systemic,inflammatory collagen disease | rheumatiod arthritis
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| new tissue growth where cells proliferation is uncontrolled | tumor
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| maglignant tumor arising from cartliage cells | chondrosarcoma
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| benign tumor cosisting of cartliage | enchondroma
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| malignant tumor of bone arising in medullary tissue | ewings sarcoma
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| malignant, primary tumor of bone with bone or cartliage formation | osteosarcoma
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| abb of CMC | carpometacarpal
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| abb of DIP | distal interphalangeal
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| abb of IP | interphalangeal
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| abb of MC | metacarpal
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| abb of MCP | metacarpophalangeal
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| abb of PIP | proximal interphalageal
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| Intercarpal movement | gliding
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| distal radioulnar movement | rotational ( around a single axis )
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| proximal radioulnar movement | rotational
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| elbow joint movement | flexion, extension
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| interphalangeal movement | flexion, extention
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| radiocarpal movement | flexion, extention, abduction, adduction, circumduction
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| matacarpophalangeal movement | flexion, extention, adbuction, adduction , circumduction
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