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upper limbs (norris)
chapter 4 for mr norris
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the main groups of the upper limbs or extremities? | Hand,Forearm,Arm, and Shoulder griddle |
| The hand consists of how many bones? | 27 |
| The hand is subdivided into 3 group.What are they? | PHALANGES:bones of digits(finger and thumb)METACARPALS:bones of palm and CARPALS:bones of wrist |
| The five digits are described by numbers and names.What are they? | FIRST digit(thumb).SECOND digits(index finger).THIRD digit(middle finger).FOURTH digit(ring finger).FIFTH digit(small finger) |
| The digits contain a total of __ _____,which are ___ bones that cosits of a ____ body and ____ __. | 14 phalanges;long bones;cylindric body;and articular ends |
| Nine phalanges have __ articular ends. | 2 |
| The first digits have __ phalanges and the other digits have __ phalanges | 2 (proximal and distal) and 3 (proximal and middle and distal) |
| What do the distal phalanges look like? | small and flattened, with roughended rim around their distal anterior end; this gives them a spatula-like appearance |
| What does each phalanx consits of? | Head ,body, and base |
| The bones of the palm are called what and how many are there? | Metacarpals and there are 5 |
| What do metacarpals look like? | cylindric in shape and slightly concave anteriorly |
| metacarpals are __ bones consisting of a ___ and _ __ ends, the __ distally and the __ proximally. | long bones;body and 2 articular ends;head distal and base proximal |
| The area below the head of the metacarpals is the __? | neck |
| Where do most fractures occur in the metacarpals? | the neck |
| The metacarpals heads are also called what and are visible on doral hand flexion? | knuckles |
| The first metacarpals contains 2 small __ bones on its __ aspect below the head. | 2 small sesamoid bones; palmer |
| How are the metacarpals numbersed? | 1 to 5 from lateral side of the hand |
| What do each metacarpals consists of? | head, neck, body, and base |
| What is the name of the bones for the wrist and how many are there? | carpals and there are 8 |
| How are the carpals arranged? | they are closely fitted together and arranged in two horizontal rows. |
| The carpals are classified as what type of bones ? | short bones; composed largely of cancellous tissue w/ outer layer of compact bony tissue |
| Name the carpal bones that are the nearest to the forearm? | proximal row:scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform |
| Name the carpal bones that are furthest from the forarm? | distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate |
| Whats the name of the largest and smallest carpal bone in the proximal row? | scaphiod (largest) and pisiform |
| What carpal bone is palpable near the base of the thumb? | scaphiod |
| The carpal bone that articulates with the radius and what shape is the bone? | lunate and crescent shape |
| The carpal bone that articultes anteriorly with the hamate and what shape is it? | triquetrum and roughly pyramidal |
| What is the name of easily palpated bone of the carpals and what is the shape and where is it located? | pisiform and pea-shaped bone and it is anterior to the triquetrum |
| The tubercles of the __ and scaphiod comprise the lateral margin of carpal groove | trapezium |
| The __ has a smaller surface anteriorly then posteriorly. | trapeziod |
| The __ articulates with the base of the third metacarpals and is the largest carpal. | capitate |
| The __ shaped __ exhits the prominent hook of __, which is located on the anterior surface. | wedge shaped hamate; hamate |
| The __ and the __ form the medial margin of the carpal groove. | hamate;pisiform |
| This depression is triangular and is located on the posterior surface of the wrist and is visible when thumb is abducted and extended, what is the name? | anatomic snuffbox |
| This is formed by the tendons of two major muscles of the thumb and overlies the scaphiod bone and radial artery. | anatomic snuffbox |
| The most commonly fractured carpal bone is __ and signs suggesting fracture is __. | scaphiod; the tenderness of the snuffbox |
| The anterior or palmer surface of the wrist is called? | carpal sulcus |
| This contains two bones that lie parallel to each other,what is this? | forearm |
| The name of the two bones that forn the forearm? | radius and ulna |
| The radius and ulna are __ bones and they have a __ and two __ exterities. | long;body;articular |
| How is the radius and ulna is located ? | radius:lateral side of forearm and ulna:medial side |
| The upper portion of the ulna is __ and presents two __ __ processes and concave __. | large; beak-like; depression |
| This is anteriorly and slightly inferiorly of the ulna and forms the proximal portion of the trochlear notch. | olecranon process |
| This projects anteriorly from the anterior surface of the body of the ulna and curves slightly superiorly and is triangular. | coronoid process |
| The __ __ is located on the lateral aspect of the coronoid process. | radial notch |
| the distal end of the ulna includes a rounded process on its lateral side called the __ and a narrow projection called __. | head; ulna styloid process |
| An articular disk seperates the head of the ulna from the wrist __. | joint |
| The proximal end of the radius is small and presents a __ ____ head above a constricted area called the __. | flat disklike;neck |
| On the medial side of the body of the radius is a roughened process called ___. | radial tuberosity |
| The distal end of the radius is broad and flattened and has projection on its laderal suface called _____ | radial styloid process |
| The arm has one bone called ? | humerus |
| the proximal end of humerus articulates with the ? | shoulder griddle |
| The entire distal end of the humerus is called ___ and articulates with bones of the forearm. | humeral condyle |
| The __ and __ ____ of humerus are superior to the condyle and easily __. | medial;lateral epicondyles; palpated |
| On the anterior suface superior to the troclea ,a shallow depression called ___ recieves the coronoid process when the elbow is flexed. | coronoid fossa |
| A round, marble like structure | capitulum |
| A bony prominence; easy palpated | medial epicondyle |
| A spool-like structure | thochlear |
| a depression; located on the anterior surface | coronoid fossa |
| a depression; located on the posterior suface | olecranon |
| Fliud filled cyst with a wall of fibrous tissue. | bone cyst |
| Inflammation of the bursa | bursitis |
| displacement of a bone from the joint space | dislocation |
| disruption in the continuity of bone | fracture |
| facture at the base of the first metacarpal | bennetts |
| fracture at the metacarpal neck | boxers |
| fracture of the distal radius with posterior (dorsal) displacement | colles |
| fracture of distal radius with anterior (palmer) displacement | smiths |
| impacted fracture with bulging of the periosteum | torus or buckle |
| hereditary form of arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints | gout |
| accumulation of fliud in the joint associated with an underlying condition | joint effusion |
| transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another | metastases |
| form of arthritis marked by progressive cartliage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae | osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease |
| inflammation of bone due to a pyogenic infection | osteomyelitis |
| increased density of atypically soft bone | osteopetrosis |
| loss of bone density | osteoporosis |
| chronic ,systemic,inflammatory collagen disease | rheumatiod arthritis |
| new tissue growth where cells proliferation is uncontrolled | tumor |
| maglignant tumor arising from cartliage cells | chondrosarcoma |
| benign tumor cosisting of cartliage | enchondroma |
| malignant tumor of bone arising in medullary tissue | ewings sarcoma |
| malignant, primary tumor of bone with bone or cartliage formation | osteosarcoma |
| abb of CMC | carpometacarpal |
| abb of DIP | distal interphalangeal |
| abb of IP | interphalangeal |
| abb of MC | metacarpal |
| abb of MCP | metacarpophalangeal |
| abb of PIP | proximal interphalageal |
| Intercarpal movement | gliding |
| distal radioulnar movement | rotational ( around a single axis ) |
| proximal radioulnar movement | rotational |
| elbow joint movement | flexion, extension |
| interphalangeal movement | flexion, extention |
| radiocarpal movement | flexion, extention, abduction, adduction, circumduction |
| matacarpophalangeal movement | flexion, extention, adbuction, adduction , circumduction |
Created by:
lisarodriguez
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