Chapters 5-8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The four different types of polysaccharides are: | show 🗑
|
||||
| The monomer for starch is an _____, more specifically it is a hexose sugar called ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The monomers for sucrose are __________ which have a _________ linkage between them. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The location of the Carbonyl group.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Triose (aldose: gluceraldehyde) (ketose: dihydroxyacetone); Pentose (aldose: ribose) (ketose: ribulose); Hexoses (aldose: galactose) (ketose: fructose)
🗑
|
||||
| show | plant cells; beta configuration; alpha configuration; hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| The parallel cellulose molecules grouped into units is called: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fats are polymers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The 2 types of molecules you will find in a Tryglyceride: ________. These 2 molecules are bonded by an ____ linkage. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The H-C (hydrocarbon) chain.
🗑
|
||||
| Presence of which functional group is responsible for the name of the tail part of the Triglyceride molecule? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | double bonds.
🗑
|
||||
| What can you tell about Trans fats? What is the significance of the name Trans fat? | show 🗑
|
||||
| You will ________ a type of lipid on Cell membranes. The hydrophilic part of this lipid is a functional group called ______ . | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | They have a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings.
🗑
|
||||
| show | steroids.
🗑
|
||||
| Amino acids link together by _______ bonds. Write the formula for an amino acid and mention the two functional groups in an amino acid. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | primary; secondary; alpha helix, b pleated sheet.
🗑
|
||||
| the third level is a ______ structure which forms when the bonding takes place between the R side chains of the amino acids of the polypeptide chains. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The more common bonds found between the amino acid side chains are ______, ______, _____ and hydrophobic as well as van der Waal’s interactions. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The final structural level is the _____ structure that results from the aggregation of the polypeptide units. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Examples of Quaternary Protein structure : | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | polynucleotides; nucleotides.
🗑
|
||||
| show | DNA; RNA
🗑
|
||||
| show | nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group; phosphate group.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (C,T,U)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Adenine, Guanine (A,G)
🗑
|
||||
| show | phosphodiester; the sugars of two nucleotides; phosphate.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 3'-GGCTAATCT-5'
🗑
|
||||
| List the functions of proteins in the body. Which level of protein structure is responsible for protein function? What is protein denaturation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are some of the factors that lead to protein denaturation? Why do you think it is important to bring fever down to normal body temperature as soon as possible? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The reaction responsible for building polymers from monomers is called _________ and the type of reaction that releases monomers from polymers is called ________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most plant and animal cells range in size between _______ to _______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | SEM (scanning electron microscope); TEM (transmission electron telescope).
🗑
|
||||
| 3. The _________ Electron Microscope provides a 3-D view of cells, whereas the ______ Electron Microscope shows the internal structures of cells. | show 🗑
|
||||
| 4. A cell contains subcellular structures called __________. Each having their own distinctive function. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell fractionation
🗑
|
||||
| 6. The two types of cells found in nature are _______ and _______. The domains Bacteria and Archae are ______ cells and the Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Portists are ______ cells. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | plasma membrane; chromosomes; ribosomes; cytosol.
🗑
|
||||
| show | selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients and wastes to service the entire cell.
🗑
|
||||
| show | carry genes in the form of DNA.
🗑
|
||||
| ribosomes- | show 🗑
|
||||
| cytosol- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane enclosed (nucleoid). Interior of a prokaryotic cell is called cytoplasm. Membrane-bounded organelles are absent in prokaryotic cells. Small size (1-5 micrometers in diameter).
🗑
|
||||
| show | They have a variety of organelles of specialized form/function w/in the cytoplasm. Larger size (10-100 micrometers in diameter). They have a nucleus where DNA is found.
🗑
|
||||
| The Plasma membrane is made up mainly of ____________, ____________ and some ________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| After viewing the figures of an animal cell and plant cell, list the structures you will find in a plant cell but not in an animal cell. _________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| chloroplasts- | show 🗑
|
||||
| central vacuole- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | outer layer/maintains cell's shape/protects from damage.
🗑
|
||||
| show | channels through cell walls that connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
🗑
|
||||
| The Nucleus contain _______,and _________. It also has a _______ _______ to separate it from the cytoplasm. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | proteins; free ribosomes; bound ribosomes.
🗑
|
||||
| Ribosomes that are ______ produce proteins that are used within the cytoplasm whereas bound ribosomes produce _______ proteins. Organs that secrete _________have a high proportion of ribosomes. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the Endomembrane System? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nuclear envelope; endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus; lysosomes; vacuoles; plasma membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | sacs made of membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | synthesis of lipids; storage of calcium ions; metabolism of carbohydrates; detoxification of drugs and poisons.
🗑
|
||||
| show | in the testes/ovaries.
🗑
|
||||
| show | make secretory proteins; membrane factory for the cell; makes its own phosholipids.
🗑
|
||||
| Where will you find cells that have a high proportion of RER? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lysosome contain ________ enzymes which digests ________. The two processes that you learned about regarding this function of Lysosome are ______ and ________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the three types of vacuoles found in cells. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | No! In plant cells, the large vacuole acts as the lysosomes by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones.
🗑
|
||||
| food vacuole- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pump excess water out of the cell.
🗑
|
||||
| central vacuole- | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mitochondria are the sites of ____ and ____. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Chloroplasts are found in ___ and ___ are the sites of photosynthesis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondrial matrix; protein.
🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondria and chloroplasts.
🗑
|
||||
| Chloroplasts is a member of a family of organelles called ____. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | chlorophyll; thylakoids
🗑
|
||||
| show | endomembrane system.
🗑
|
||||
| show | cell; ATP (energy).
🗑
|
||||
| Mitochondria is commonly referred to as the “ ________ house “ of the cell as it generates energy. | show 🗑
|
||||
| _______ are membrane bound organelle which produces hydrogen peroxide and converts that to ________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
🗑
|
||||
| The main function of cytoskeleton is _______, _______ and ________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | centrioles; nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring; animal development (animal cell).
🗑
|
||||
| Cilia and flagella are also made up of ___________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The four types of junctions you would find between cells are ____________________________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| tight junctions- | show 🗑
|
||||
| desmosomes- | show 🗑
|
||||
| gap junctions- | show 🗑
|
||||
| plasmodesmata- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | selective permeability; fluid mosaic
🗑
|
||||
| show | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| show | integral; peripheral
🗑
|
||||
| The 6 major functions of proteins are ________________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | may provide a hydrophilic channel across the membrane that is for a particular solute. May change its shape and act as a transport "shuttle".
🗑
|
||||
| enzymatic activity- | show 🗑
|
||||
| signal transduction- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | some glycoproteins serve as identification tags that are specifically recognized by membrane proteins of other cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | membrane proteins may "hook" together in various kinds of junctions (group junctions/tight junctions).
🗑
|
||||
| show | "make-up" cytoskeleton: microfilaments & microtubules.
🗑
|
||||
| show | "extensive" (some go in, others go out).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pass: alcohol & vitamin A. Mechanism for Glucose & Insulin: through "carrier proteins"
🗑
|
||||
| show | transport.
🗑
|
||||
| List the Membrane Transport processes which are passive and do not require ATP from the cell. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | unaided...only small, non-polar molecules can pass through...molecules move randomly...@ equilibrium, equal # cross the membrane in both directions.
🗑
|
||||
| Facilitated Diffusion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | allow polar (charged) substances to cross the membrane...stimulus molecule allows the "channel" to open.
🗑
|
||||
| channel protein example | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | protein binds a molecule on one side of the membrane, changes shape, and then deposits the molecule on the other side of the membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| carrier protein example | show 🗑
|
||||
| passive transport- | show 🗑
|
||||
| active transport- | show 🗑
|
||||
| integral proteins- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NOT embedded in the lipid bilayer, but rather are bound to the surface of the membrane, often to exposed parts of the integral proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Osmosis.
🗑
|
||||
| tonicity- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | "same"; no net movement.
🗑
|
||||
| isotonic: plants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | normal!
🗑
|
||||
| hypotonic- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | firm (turgid); normal!! Plants LOVE this state!
🗑
|
||||
| hypotonic: animal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell loses water
🗑
|
||||
| hypertonic: plant | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | shriveled (shrinks)
🗑
|
||||
| show | isotonic; hypertonic; hypotonic
🗑
|
||||
| _______ is the term used to describe water balance. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | plant: remains firm (turgid) HAPPY! ... red blood cell: gain water, cell swells and bursts (hemolysis).
🗑
|
||||
| show | flaccid...there is a lack of water!
🗑
|
||||
| _______ will take place when a plant cell is kept in a hypertonic solution. | show 🗑
|
||||
| ________ is a process of diffusion requiring transport proteins. | show 🗑
|
||||
| _________ moves substances against concentration gradient. | show 🗑
|
||||
| _________ is a type of active transport system. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | membrane potential
🗑
|
||||
| show | bulk (large molecules); exocytosis; endocytosis; ATP (energy)
🗑
|
||||
| show | phagocytosis; pinocytosis; receptor-mediated endocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | cellular eating
🗑
|
||||
| pinocytosis- | show 🗑
|
||||
| receptor-mediated endocytosis- | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of another solute...ex: plants--use the gradient of hydrogen ions generated by the proton pumps to drive active transport of nutrients into the cell.
🗑
|
||||
| show | law of conservation of mass; every energy transfer increases the entropy (measure of disorder/randomness) of the universe.
🗑
|
||||
| show | the TOTAL energy.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Free Energy? Why is it unstable? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane? | show 🗑
|
||||
| In an Exergonic Reaction what happens to the free energy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| In a spontaneous reaction is the Free Energy less or more? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NOT spontaneous b/c it uses 2 ATP of energy to get Ea started; EXERGONIC b/c it releases more energy than it uses; the energy released from glucose is used to put together ATP (stored as ATP).
🗑
|
||||
| Explain the process of cellular respiration using the terms catabolic pathway of metabolism, exergonic reaction and Free Energy. | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does a molecule of ATP provide energy for a membrane transport process. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Enzymes function by lowering _________ energy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | each enzyme has a unique (SPECIFICITY), thus allowing a reaction w/only one type of substrate.
🗑
|
||||
| show | similarity: impede enzymatic reactions...differences: competitive ("mimics" block substrates from entering active sites) non-competitive (bind to another part of the enzyme, causing the molecule to change its shape; active site functions less effectively)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three steps in an enzymes catalytic cycle? - step 1 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | induced fit of the active site around the substrate. Side chains of amino acids in the active site catalyze the conversion of substrate to product.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three steps in an enzymes catalytic cycle? - step 3 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | temperature and pH.
🗑
|
||||
| show | describes any case in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
kserrano005