Introduction to Sociology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Social group | Two or more people who identify with and interact with one another.
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| Primary group | A small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships.
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| Secondary group | A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity.
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| Instrumental leadership | Group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks.
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| Expressive leadership | Group leadership that focuses on the group's well-being.
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| Groupthink | The tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue.
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| Reference group | A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions.
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| in-group | A social group toward which a person feels respect and loyalty.
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| out-group | A social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition.
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| Dyad | A social group with two members.
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| Triad | A social group with three members.
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| Network | A web of weak social ties.
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| Formal Organization | A large secondary group organized to achieve its goals efficiently.
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| Bureaucracy | An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently.
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| Organizational Environment | Factors outside an organization that affect its operation.
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| Tradition | Values and beliefs passed from generation to generation.
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| Rationality | A way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task.
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| Rationalization of society | Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main mode of human thought.
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| Bureaucratic Ritualism | A focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization's goals.
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| Bureaucratic Inertia | The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves.
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| Oligarchy | The rule of the many by the few.
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| Scientific Management | Frederick Taylor's term for the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization.
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| Primary sex characteristics | the genitals, organs used for reproduction.
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| Secondary sex characteristics | bodily development, apart from the genitals, that distinguishes biologically mature males and females.
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| intersexual people | people who bodies (including genitals) have both female and male characteristics.
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| transsexuals | people who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are the other.
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| incest taboo | a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.
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| sexual orientation | a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person.
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| Heterosexuality | sexual attraction to someone of the other sex.
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| Homosexuality | sexual attraction to someone of the same sex.
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| Bisexuality | sexual attraction to people of both sexes.
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| asexuality | a lack of sexual attraction to people of either sex.
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| Homophobia | Discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
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| Pornography | sexually explicit material intended to cause sexual arousal.
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| Prostitution | the selling of sexual services.
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| queer theory | a body of research that challenges the heterosexual bias in U.S. society
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| heterosexism | a view that labels anyone who is not heterosexual as "queer"
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| abortion | the deliberate termination of a pregnancy.
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Created by:
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