Test 1- LP 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What drug form is most rapidly absorbed from the GI tract? | show 🗑
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| Enteric coated tablets are absorbed from | show 🗑
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| show | Interferes with
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| What is the sequence of the four pharmacological processes? | show 🗑
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| Drugs that pass through the GI membrane include: (2) | show 🗑
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| What four factors most commonly affect drug action? | show 🗑
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| What is the major site of drug metabolism? | show 🗑
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| What route of absorption has the greatest bioavailability? | show 🗑
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| show | After absorption for half of the drug to be eliminated
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| Drugs with a half-life of 24-30 hours would probably be administered on a dose schedule of | show 🗑
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| For elimination through the kidneys to be possible a drug must be | show 🗑
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| The biological activity of a drug is determined by the | show 🗑
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| show | Antagonists
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| show | Non selective
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| show | Therapeutic index
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| show | Peak level
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| show | Patient, drug, dose, route, time
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| show | Call the health care provider
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| show | Draw a single line through the incorrect information and initial it
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| show | Report your finding and have a new ID band put on client
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| Should you administer drugs poured by others? | show 🗑
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| Should you administer drugs that clients states are different from usual | show 🗑
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| show | No
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| What three factors affect a client’s compliance with med prescriptions? | show 🗑
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| show | Side effects
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| When an immediate drug response is desired, a large initial dose is given rapidly to achieve an MEC in the plasma. This is called the | show 🗑
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| show | Pharmacology
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| show | Pharmacotherapy
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| Effects: act mainly at site of application | show 🗑
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| show | Systemic
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| show | Pharmacodynamics
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| show | Pharmacokinetics
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| show | Disintegration and dissolution
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| show | Rate limiting
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| show | Acidic stomach environment
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| show | Used for medications tha cause stomach upset, these disolve in the small intestine instead of stomach. Should not be crushed or chewed.
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| show | Pharmacokinetic processes
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| show | Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
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| Pharmokinectics is what the ____ does to the _____. | show 🗑
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| The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream to be circulated. | show 🗑
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| What determines how soon the effects of a drug will begin? | show 🗑
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| What four factors influence the rate at which a drug is absorbed? | show 🗑
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| What determines bow intense the effects will be? | show 🗑
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| Before absorption can occur with an oral drug, what must occur? (3) | show 🗑
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| show | Muscle tissue abundant blood supply
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| show | No, they are injected into the bloodstream
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| What five factors affect absorption? | show 🗑
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| Drugs that have a faster dissolution will have a faster/slower onset. | show 🗑
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| show | Faster
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| PO drugs are usually absorbed in the ___. | show 🗑
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| Is the surface area of the stomach considered large or small? | show 🗑
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| show | High
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| Food usually ____absorption of a drug and can lead to ______. | show 🗑
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| Highly lipid-soluble drugs are absorbed more ____ than drugs whose lipid solubility is low because _______. | show 🗑
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| The movement of drugs throughout the body | show 🗑
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| What three factors determine distribution | show 🗑
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| show | Protein, Albumin
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| The part of a drug that is ___ or ___ can cause a pharmacological response. | show 🗑
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| show | Inactive, it’s not available to receptors
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| show | No
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| show | Yes
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| show | It would be a concern as more drug can be available then intended
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| show | Biotransformation
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| The enzymatic alteration of drug structure | show 🗑
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| Where does most metabolism take place? | show 🗑
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| show | Actions, drug molecules
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| show | GI tract, lungs, kidney, skin
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| show | First Pass Effect
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| show | Nothing, it is rendered useless
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| show | Prodrugs
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| Drug metabolizing enzymes in liver | show 🗑
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| “Bring out” microsomal enzymes and will influence metabolism of a second drug. | show 🗑
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| What happens when drugs compete for the same metabolic pathway in the liver? | show 🗑
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| The removal of drugs | show 🗑
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| What accounts for the majority of drug excretion? | show 🗑
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| show | Limit, duration, intensity , increased
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| show | Breast milk, bile, lungs, sweat, saliva
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| Drugs that are ____ will have ready access to breast milk. | show 🗑
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| Will drugs that are polar, ionized or protein bound enter breast milk? | show 🗑
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| Drugs entering the intestine in bile may undergo ___ into the portal blood. Can ___ a drug’s time in the body | show 🗑
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| Through what route are volatile anesthetics excreted? | show 🗑
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| The plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur. | show 🗑
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| The drug level at which toxicity begins to occur. | show 🗑
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| show | Toxic concentration
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| The range in which a medication can be given to produce a desired effect | show 🗑
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| show | Therapeutic range
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| show | Onset of action
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| Defined as the time when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration and maximum therapeutic response. | show 🗑
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| Defined as the length of time the drug has a pharmacological effect | show 🗑
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| This is defined as the maintaining of a steady concentration in the blood. It takes 4 to 5 half-lives to achieve. It results in a constant amount of medication in the body and a consistent therapeutic effect. | show 🗑
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| show | Peak & Trough
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| show | Index
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| The concentration of the drug in plasma needed for obtaining the desired drug action and having few, if any, toxic effects. | show 🗑
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| show | Loading Dose
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| show | Serum Half-life
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| show | Five
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| When a drug is started, ___ half-lives elapse before the drug reaches a steady state. | show 🗑
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| If a client has kidney or liver dysfunction, half-life is ____: therefore more chance for ____. Client either needs to take the drug ___, or take ___ of the drug. | show 🗑
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| Defined as the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced. | show 🗑
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| Pharmodynamics is the study of what ____ do to the ____ and how they ____. | show 🗑
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| show | Receptors
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| Many___ components are considered drug receptors but receptor usually means the body’s ___ & _____. | show 🗑
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| Receptors are turned on by interaction with other______. | show 🗑
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| When a drug binds to a receptor, it ____ or _____ actions. | show 🗑
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| show | Increases, decreases
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| show | Norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine
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| What are three examples of hormone receptors? | show 🗑
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| show | Agonists
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| show | Neurotransmitters hormones
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| When is a drug considered an agonist? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between a strong and weak agonist? | show 🗑
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| show | Antagonist
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| How do antagonists produce their effects? | show 🗑
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| Undesirable effects that are expected or anticipated to occur in a predictable percentage of people who receive the drug | show 🗑
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| Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication. | show 🗑
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| Occur when the drug exceeds therapeutic range, and causes potentially harmful effects. | show 🗑
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| show | Black Box Warning (BBW)
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| Manufacturer required to have special labeling describing these possible adverse effects. Strongest warning from the FDA. | show 🗑
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| A BBW contains what two types of information? | show 🗑
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| What are two types of drugs that have a BBW? | show 🗑
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| show | Drug allergies
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| What are three typical allergies from drugs? | show 🗑
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| What is a severe allergic reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse? Common example? | show 🗑
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| An uncommon, unexpected reaction to the drug by an individual | show 🗑
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| What are idiosyncratic reactions to drugs attributed to? | show 🗑
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| A sedating drug makes a client feel “wired”; or does nothing at all. This is an example of | show 🗑
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| Term used to describe harmful, deforming effects of drugs on the fetus. | show 🗑
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| What is an example of a teratogenic drug? | show 🗑
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| What has the FDA done to combat teratogenic effects of drugs? | show 🗑
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| _____ name is what drug starts out with in research: often long, a combination of letters and numbers | show 🗑
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| show | Trade/brand
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| What is one way to differentiate between a trade and generic name? | show 🗑
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| Is the trade name protected by patent for a number of years? | show 🗑
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| ______ name is assigned when drug goes to market. Independent of the manufacturer | show 🗑
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| Drugs that can only be obtained by prescription are known as | show 🗑
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| show | Less
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| show | Yes
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| “OTC” = | show 🗑
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| show | many drugs removed or reformulated
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| Are some legend drugs allowed over the counter after review? | show 🗑
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| Do not use abbreviation ___ for unit | show 🗑
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| Do not use abbreviation ____ for international unit. | show 🗑
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| QD and _____ are often mistaken for each other | show 🗑
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| show | Units
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| show | Yes
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| show | Texts
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| show | AHFS Drug Information (American Society of Hospital Pharmacists
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| Resource published annually, generic and brand names as well as pictures available, not as objective | show 🗑
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| Where can you read about a new drug that is not yet in a published resource? | show 🗑
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| show | United States Pharmacopoeia
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| show | Internet-based files for PDA or handheld
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| What are examples of nurse friendly resources on drugs? (4) | show 🗑
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| A client’s response to meds may vary based on what five things? | show 🗑
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| How does age impact the response of meds? Infants carry more______, the amount of albumin ____ as we age, women and _____ have more fat. | show 🗑
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| show | Different ratio of fat to muscle
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| show | Drugs cross the placenta and may harm the fetus
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| show | organ system not fully functioning
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| show | drugs are more rapidly metabolized and eliminated
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| show | Typically a larger dose is given. A heavier person needs a larger dose.
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| show | They have decreased gastric activity, blood flow and motility but these factors have little effect on absorption
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| show | Blood flow and metabolic enzymes are decreased, drugs take longer to act and stay n body longer
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| Explain the geriatric consideration in relation to cardiovascular function. | show 🗑
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| Explain the geriatric consideration in relation to acute and chronic illness. | show 🗑
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| show | Placebo effect
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| Time of ______can be critical to response. | show 🗑
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| show | Tolerance
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| What three things should we teach clients about the specific drug they have been prescribed? | show 🗑
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| show 🗑
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