Exam Questions for the AICP Test November 2010
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| show | The Court found that a state law regulating pricing did not constitute a taking. The Court established the principle of public regulation of private businesses in the public interest.
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| United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Company 1896 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court established the right of municipalities to regulate building height.
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| Eubank v. City of Richmond 1912 | show 🗑
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| Hadacheck v. Sebastian 1915 | show 🗑
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| Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon 1922 | show 🗑
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| Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. 1926 | show 🗑
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| Nectow v. City of Cambridge 1928 | show 🗑
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| Berman v. Parker 1954 | show 🗑
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| show | Feedlot was determined to be a public nuisance. For a business to be a public nuisance there must be a populous in which people are injured.A business must also be protected from the knowing encroachment of others.
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| Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo 1972 | show 🗑
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| Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas 1974 | show 🗑
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| show | Mt Laurel had a zoning ord setting the min lot size to .5 acres for remaining undeveloped land and had exclusionary zoning that prohibited multifamily,mobile home,or low/moderate income housing. court req inclusionary zoning to produce affordable housing.
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| Construction Industry of Sonoma County v. City of Petaluma 1975 | show 🗑
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| Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore 1976 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court upheld a zoning scheme that decentralized sexually oriented businesses in Detroit.
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| Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corporation 1977 | show 🗑
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| Penn Central Transportation Co. v. The City of New York 1978 | show 🗑
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| show | The court determined that a municipality cannot utilize criteria based on biological or legal relationships in able to limit the types of groups that may live within its borders.
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| show | Court upheld city’s right to zone property at low-density and zoning was not a taking. Agins acquired 5 acres of land for residential development. City adopted zoning ord that placed property in a one-family dwellings zone with density restrictions.
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| Agins v. City of Tiburon 1980 #2 | show 🗑
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| Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corporation 1982 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found that the regulation of signs was valid for aesthetic reasons as long as the ordinance does not regulate the content of the sign. If the regulation is based on sign content, it must be justified by a compelling governmental interest.
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| City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters, Inc. 1986 | show 🗑
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| First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles 1987 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court found that the enactment of regulations did not constitute a taking. The Act requires that 50 percent of the coal beneath four protected structures be kept in place to provide surface support. Coal Assoc alleged this constituted a taking.
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| show | Court found a taking had not occurred. The public utilities challenged a federal statute that authorized the Federal Communications Commission to regulate rents charged by utilities to cable TV operators for the use of utility poles.
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| Nollan v. California Coastal Commission 1987 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found there is a taking if there is a total reduction in value after the regulation is in place. The court found that Lucas purchased the land prior to the development regulations being put in place and so constituted a taking.
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| show | Court found there must be a rational nexus between the exaction requirement and the development. Rough proportionality test was created case.Court overturned an exaction that req dedication of a portion of floodplain for business that wanted to expand
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| Dolan v. Tigard 1994 #2 | show 🗑
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| show | This Case challenged the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The Supreme Court ruled that the act is an unconstitutional exercise of congressional powers that exceeded the enforcement powers of the fourteenth amendment.
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| show | SC upheld award in favor of developmer after city's repeated denials of a development permit for a 190-unit residential complex on ocean front property.Court found repeated denials of permits deprived the owner of all economically viable use of land
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| Palazzolo v. Rhode Island 2001 | show 🗑
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| show | Court found moratoria did not constitute a taking requiring compensation.
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| show | Court overturned portion of the Agins precedent declaring regulation of property effects a taking if it does not substantially advance legitimate state interests.Court found this prong of formula imprecise and not appropriate for determining a taking
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| City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams 2005 | show 🗑
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| show | The Supreme Court ruled that a economic development is a valid use of eminent domain. The court found that it is not in a position to determine the amount or character of land needed for a particular public project.
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| show | The Court held that the EPA must provide a reasonable justification for why they would not regulate greenhouse gases.
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| show | The Court found that the Army Corp of Engineers must determine whether there is a significant nexus between a wetland and a navigable waterway.
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| SD Warren v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection 2006 | show 🗑
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| show | The Court found that commercial and non-commercial speech cannot be treated differently. The court overruled an ordinance that banned all off-premises signs because it effectively banned non-commercial signs.
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| Homestead Act 1892 | show 🗑
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| show | Reformed earlier laws regarding tenement housing a required improved lighting, ventilation and toilets and running water in each unit. It outlawed the dumbbell design. Lawrence Veiller helped draft the act.
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| US Reclamation Act 1902 | show 🗑
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| Antiquities Act 1906 | show 🗑
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| Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (SZEA) 1924 | show 🗑
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| show | The Act, outlined the powers of municipal planning commissions and required the adoption of a master plan by local governing bodies.
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| Federal Home Loan Bank Act 1932 | show 🗑
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| show | established the US Grazing Service to manage the public rangelands, which was later merged with the General Land Office in 1946 to form the Bureau of Land Management.
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| show | established the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation and created the Federal Housing Administration to insure private mortgages. It was designed to stop the tide of bank foreclosures on family homes.
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| Indian Reorganization Act 1934 | show 🗑
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| show | Predecessor of the National Historic Preservation Act and it declared for the first time “…that it is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings, and objects of national significance”
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| US Resettlement Administration 1935 | show 🗑
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| show | Housing Act 1937, provided for subsidies to be paid from the U.S. gov to local public housing agencies to improve living conditions for low-income families.Created the Housing Authority-became the Public Housing Admin and funded Local Housing Authorities
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| Housing Act of 1949 | show 🗑
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| show | The bill appropriated $25b for the construction of 41k miles of interstate hwys over 20 yrs. Funding came through the creation of the Highway Trust Fund-gathers money from excise taxes on new vehicles and sales tax on gasoline.
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| show | provided grant money for public transit systems in the form of matching funds to cities and states. Typically, the federal government pays up to 80% of capital costs and up to 50% of operating costs for local transit systems.
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| Wilderness Act 1964 | show 🗑
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| Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act 1966 | show 🗑
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| National Historic Preservation Act 1966 | show 🗑
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| show | Created the National Flood Insurance Program, currently administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
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| Civil Rights Act 1968 | show 🗑
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| show | NEPA requires EIS for federally funded actions that have the potential to significantly impact the environment. It acknowledged the importance of an open and public decision-making process.
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| Clean Air Act 1970 | show 🗑
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| Coastal Zone Management Act 1972 | show 🗑
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| show | Regulated water quality of lakes and rivers with a permit process. It set wastewater standards for industry and water quality standards for surface water contamination. It introduced a permit system for regulating point sources of pollution.
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| show | Established a federal list of endangered and threatened species-required planning projects in areas with these species to consult with the FWS. Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction
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| show | Created statewide planning system and required identification of urban growth boundaries separating urban from rural areas.
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| Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1974 | show 🗑
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| Housing and Community Development Act 1974 | show 🗑
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| show | Established Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light trucks and passenger cars. Manufacturers can earn credits for exceeding standards.
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| show | authorized HUD to provide short-term assistance to help defray mortgage payments for persons temporarily unemployed or underemployed as the result of poor economic conditions.
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| show | to address the increasing problems the nation faced from its growing volume of municipal and industrial waste. Cradle to grave legislation for hazardous waste material, regulated by the EPA.
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| show | prohibits the manufacture or importation of chemicals that are not on the TSCA Inventory (or subject to one of many exemptions).
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| show | seeks to address discrimination in loans made to individuals and businesses. It was put in place to stop widespread practice of redlining of urban, low income minority neighborhoods.
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| show | The act authorized matching grants to renovate and improve parks and other recreational facilities in low-income communities.
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| CERCLA (Superfund) 1980 | show 🗑
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| show | Enacted to minimize federal program contribution to loss of farmlands, it developed standards for identifying the effects of such programs on the loss of farmland.
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| show | LESA is a rating system developed by NRCS and USDA to assess the suitability of parcels for continued agricultural use. It includes environmental, economic, social and geographic features.
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| Coastal Barrier Resources Act 1982 | show 🗑
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| show | Required EPA to develop a regulatory program for the storage of hazardous substances and requires owners of tanks to prevent, detect and clean up an releases.
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| show | Tax credit created under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 gives incentives for the utilization of private equity in development of affordable housing. Enabled nonprofit organizations to raise construction funds by selling tax credits
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| Community Right to Know Act 1986 | show 🗑
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| show | Established the Home Ownership Made Easy program-provided matching federal funds to local government expenditures for low-income housing needs. Jurisdictions must prepare a Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) to qualify to receive funds.
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| show | The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability. The act required that mass transit systems be accessible to those with physical disabilities
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| Americans with Disabilities Act 1991 | show 🗑
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| Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) 1991 | show 🗑
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| HOPE VI 1992 | show 🗑
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| show | Provided federal control of pesticide distribution, sale and use. The Act required all users of pesticides to pass a certification exam in order to apply pesticide.
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| show | The program offers financial incentives for landowners to protect, restore, and enhance wetlands on their property. The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) administers the program with funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation.
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| show | purpose was to increase competition in the communications business and to streamline the installation of cell phone towers. The act gave telecom companies pre-emption powers over local regulations as well as eminent domain powers over private property.
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| Housing Opportunity Extension Act 1996 | show 🗑
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| Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21) 1998 | show 🗑
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| Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act 2000 | show 🗑
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| show | The act reinforces the importance of planning to lessen the potential effects of a natural hazard. States and local governments are required to prepare plans that identify likely risks.
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| show | The act established installation and building standards for manufactured homes.
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| First Model Tenement 1855 | show 🗑
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| show | The Zion’s Cooperative Mercantile Institution was founded by Bringham Young as a way to decrease dependence on outside goods.
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| Riverside, IL 1868 | show 🗑
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| Yellowstone National Park 1872 | show 🗑
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| show | The availability of steel and the construction of the first safety elevator in NY, the high-rise building in Chicago was made feasible.
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| show | The Boston Common was the first subway line in the United States, in 1897. The subway was built to eliminate trolley congestion on downtown streets.
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| Letchworth, England 1903 | show 🗑
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| Pelican Island 1903 | show 🗑
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| First National Conference on City Planning 1909 | show 🗑
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| Wacker’s Manual if the Plan of Chicago 1912 | show 🗑
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| show | The first zoning ordinance in the US was enacted in New York primarily to stop massive buildings such as the Equitable Building from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below. The ordinance covered the entire city and controlled land use, b
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| show | Harland Bartholomew was the first full time planner employed by an American City, St. Louis. He developed many of the early comprehensive plans.
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| First President of the AIP 1917 | show 🗑
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| French Quarter (Vieux Carre) 1921 | show 🗑
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| First Regional Planning Commission 1922 | show 🗑
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| First Off-Street Parking Requirements 1923 | show 🗑
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| First Issue of City Planning 1925 | show 🗑
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| show | Under the direction of Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe, was the first to be officially adopted by a major American City. It was broader than previous plans, including information about housing, recreation, garbage, schools and financing.
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| show | Designed by Robert Moses, and constructed in 1926, the Bronx River Parkway in Westchester County, NY was the first limited access highway.
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| show | First city to enact a Historic Preservation Ordinance, which can protect landmarks, entire historic districts or both and typically regulate the design of new construction as well as changes to existing structures.
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| TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) 1933 | show 🗑
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| Public Works Administration 1933 | show 🗑
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| show | Park Forest was the first privately financed, completely planned community ever built in the US. It was a post WWII planned suburb with a range of housing types.
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| show | The Council was the first regional planning agency.
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| show | Lexington and Fayette County enacted the first urban growth boundary in 1958.
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| show | This was the first comprehensive planning textbook, written by T.J. Kent, Jr.
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| show | In 1971, AIP adopted a Code of Ethics for professional planners.
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| First AICP Exam In 1977 | show 🗑
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| Stewart B. McKinney Act 1987 | show 🗑
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