Ch 1, 2, 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | * Invisible
* Electrically neutral
* No mass
* Cannot be optically focused
* Travel @ speed of light in vaccum
* Form a polyenergetic beam
* Can be produced in a range of
energies
* Can cause some substances to
fluoresce
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| show | * Travel in a straight line
* Can cause some substances to
fluoresce
* Cause chemical changes in
radiographic & photographic film
* Can penetrate body
* Can be absorbed or scattered in
the body
* Can produce secondary radiation
* Can dam
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| What is the medically useful diagnostic range of x-ray energies? | show 🗑
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| show | 1895
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| show | 3 x 10 to the eighth
or 186,000 mph.
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| In what year were some of the biologically damaging effects of x-rays discovered? | show 🗑
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| X-rays were discovered in experiments dealing with: | show 🗑
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| show | fluoresce
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| X-radiation is part of which spectrum? | show 🗑
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| X-rays have a dual nature, which means that they behave like both: | show 🗑
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| show | inversely
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| show | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
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| show | 3,000 to 10,000 rpm
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| What is the atomic number of tungsten? | show 🗑
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| show | Molybdenum - atomic #42
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| Where to the majority of heat come from in x-ray production? | show 🗑
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| What percent of the primary beam reaches the image receptor? | show 🗑
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| The physical area of the target that is bombarded by electrons during x-ray production? | show 🗑
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| show | Directly
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| show | Rotating anode dissipates heat better
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| What is the acceptable leakage radiation? | show 🗑
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| What is the Source-to-skin distance requirements? | show 🗑
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| What percentage of interactions above 70kVp are Bremsstrahlung? | show 🗑
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| show | 100%
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| Produced when a projectile electron interacts with an electron from the inner shell (K-shell) of the tungsten atom | show 🗑
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| show | Bremmstrahlung
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| True or False: There is no difference between a Bremsstrahlung interaction and a Characteristic interaction at the same energy level. | show 🗑
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| show | kVp
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| What is the unit used to measure the tube current? | show 🗑
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| show | filament
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| What is made up of nickel & nearly surrounds the filament? | show 🗑
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| show | focusing cup
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| positively charged electrode | show 🗑
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| show | target
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| show | Tungsten
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| Atomic # of tungsten | show 🗑
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| show | 3370 C
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| show | Molybdenum
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| show | 42
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| show | Molybdenum
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| Number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time. | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between Bremstrahlung & Characteristic x-rays at the same energy level? | show 🗑
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| show | stator
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| What rotates rapidly during x-ray production? | show 🗑
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| show | focal spot
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| Any x-rays other than the primary beam that escape the tube housing. | show 🗑
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| show | cathode to anode
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| show | half the speed of light
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| show | Bremsstrahlung & Characteristic
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| show | Bremsstrahlung
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| show | Effective focal spot size
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| True or False: The amount of anode angle determines the size of the focal spot. | show 🗑
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| show | Anode heel effect
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| show | mA x s
milliamperage x seconds
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| Doesn't allow any more electrons to be boiled off the filament. | show 🗑
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| What is the ejected electron in Compton effect called? | show 🗑
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| single-phase factor | show 🗑
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| show | heat unit
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| What factors do radiographers select to produce a quality image? | show 🗑
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| How is mAs calculated? | show 🗑
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| Doesn't allow any more electrons to be boiled off the filament. | show 🗑
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| show | compton electron or recoil electron
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| single-phase factor | show 🗑
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| The amount of heat produced from an exposure is expressed by the... | show 🗑
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| show | * kilovoltage (kVp)
* milliampere (mA)
* exposure time
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| show | fluoroscopy
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| invisible until processed | show 🗑
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| show | manifest image
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| positively charged electrode | show 🗑
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| show | they are directly proportional
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| show | x-ray tube
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| Describes how x-ray intensity is greater on cathode side, with the intensity diminishing toward the anode side. | show 🗑
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| show | photons
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| show | image receptor
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| True or False: At higher kilovoltages, fewer photon interactions occur, resulting in more x-ray transmissions. | show 🗑
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| What percentage of electrons in the tube current is converted to heat? | show 🗑
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| show | barium platinocyanide
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| Absorption is similar to what interaction? | show 🗑
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| negatively charged electrode | show 🗑
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| show | electrostatic lenses
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| show | tube current
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| show | Differential absorption
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| show | True - they are directly related
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| How are wavelength and frequency related? | show 🗑
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| show | * Single-phase
* Three-phase 6 pulse
* Three-phase 12 pulse
* High frequency
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| show | trough filter
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| show | 3 * 10^8 meters per second
186,000 miles per second
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| X-ray tubes operating above 70 kVp must have a minimum total filtration of ______ or its equivalent | show 🗑
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| show | 1%
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| Type of double-wedge filter used for AP projection of the thorax | show 🗑
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| How fast is the speed of light? | show 🗑
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| show | 2.5 mm of aluminum
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| show | 1%
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| show | transmission
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| What kind of relationship does the speed of electrons traveling from cathode to anode have with kilovoltage? | show 🗑
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| show | HU = mA * time * kVp * gen. factor
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| Boiling off of electrons from the filament | show 🗑
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| show | focusing cup
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| Coiled tungsten wire that is the source of electrons during x-ray production | show 🗑
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| Occurs with low energy x-rays; photon interacts with atom & excites it; the atom DOES NOT lose energy, but it does change direction | show 🗑
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| show | space charge
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| show | 1.35
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| show | 1.41
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| Filtration added to the port of the x-ray tube | show 🗑
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| show | wedge filter
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| show | exit radiation
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| show | Characteristic interaction
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| show | filament current
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| show | inherent filtration
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| the amount of filtration that reduces the intensity of the x-ray to 1/2 its original value | show 🗑
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| show | electromagnetic radiation
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| creates brighter image | show 🗑
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| any x-rays other than the primary beam that escape the tube housing | show 🗑
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| tube current is measured in | show 🗑
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| Incoming photons are not absorbed, but they lose energy during interaction in the body | show 🗑
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| When does complete absorption occur? | show 🗑
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| Components that contribute to inherent filtration: | show 🗑
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| show | compensating filters
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| What is used to determine whether a particular exposure will be safe to make? | show 🗑
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| show | electron avoids orbital electrons & get close to nucleus & changes directions
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| polyenergetic beam that consists of a wide range of energies | show 🗑
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| show | effective focal spot size
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| interactions that can occur within all diagnostic x-ray energies | show 🗑
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| allows electrons to flow freely across the tube from the cathode to the anode | show 🗑
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| show | * quality
* quantity
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| What do low energy photons do? | show 🗑
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| radiation measuring device | show 🗑
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| distance between two successive crests or troughs | show 🗑
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| show | photoelectron
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| show | ionization
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| In what year did they discover that x-rays could cause biological damage? | show 🗑
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| show | photocathode
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| What converts exit radiation photons to visible light in the image intensifier? | show 🗑
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| show | Compton effect
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| show | image intensification
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| show | kiloelectron volts (kev)
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| density on the x-ray is equal for any combination of mA & time as long as the product is equal | show 🗑
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| show | 1.45
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| Product of both flux/minification gain | show 🗑
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| When ionization occurs in the diagnostic range | show 🗑
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| show | * transmitted radiation
* scattered radiation
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| show | total filtration
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| show | Crookes tubes
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| Reduction in the energy of the primary beam | show 🗑
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| show | fluorescence
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| show | exposure time
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| size of the area on the anode target that is exposed to electrons from the tube current | show 🗑
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| the relationship between the actual focal spot & the effective focal spot | show 🗑
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| show | Direct relationship: as kVp increases, penetrability increases
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| What is the device that receives the radiation that exits the patient to create the radiographic image? | show 🗑
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| show | * quantity of primary beam
* quality of primary beam
* composition of the anatomic tissues
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| The process of image formation is a result of: | show 🗑
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| What is the process whereby some of the x-ray beam is absorbed in the tissue and some passes through the anatomic part? | show 🗑
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| What does the word "differential" mean? | show 🗑
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| Does differential absorption increase or decrease as kVp is reduced? | show 🗑
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| show | * absorption
* scattering
* transmission
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| show | absorption and transmission
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| The reduction in the energy of the primary beam is known as: | show 🗑
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| When absorption takes place, what is the ejected electron called? | show 🗑
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| A total x-ray absorption interaction | show 🗑
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| show | light
low
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| show | * the energy of the incoming x-ray
photon
* the composition of the anatomic
tissue
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| show | ionization
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| The photoelectric effect if responsible for total ________ of the incoming x-ray photon. | show 🗑
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| show | equal
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| show | False
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| show | Compton scattering
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| _____ is an outer shell electron interaction. | show 🗑
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| show | compton electron or recoil electron
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| During the process of Compton scattering, the incident photon continues on an altered path, scattered, with less energy and a _____ wavelength than before the collision. | show 🗑
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| True or False: Scattered radiation contributes to radiation dose to the patient and provides useful information about the anatomic area of interest. | show 🗑
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| The percentage of Photoelectric interactions _______ at a higher kilovoltage. | show 🗑
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| show | increase
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| If the incoming x-ray photon passes through the anatomic part without any interaction with the same atomic structures, it is called: | show 🗑
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| show | high
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| show | dark / high
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| True or False: The quality of the image created is compromised if the scattered x-ray photon strikes the image receptor. | show 🗑
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| show | exit radiation
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| show | transmitted and scattered
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| Scatter radiation creates unwanted density on the image called: | show 🗑
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| What percentage of the primary x-ray beam actually reaches the image receptor? | show 🗑
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| The x-ray beam that reaches the image receptor creates the ______ or invisible image. | show 🗑
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| show | manifest
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| Anatomic tissues that vary in absorption and transmission create the ___________ on the image. | show 🗑
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| Imaging the movement of internal structures is known as: | show 🗑
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| What is the process in which the exit radiation form the anatomic area of interest interacts with a light emitting material for conversion to visible light? | show 🗑
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| The light emitting material is called | show 🗑
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| show | photocathode
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| show | to focus electrons into a narrow stream toward the output phosphor
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| show | electronic video signal
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| What are the 2 types of digital radiography that is commonly used today? | show 🗑
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| True or False: Regardless of whether the imaging is CR or DR, the computer can manipulate radiographic image in a variety of ways. | show 🗑
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| show | digital data
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| show | False
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