BMZ Lesson 1: Introduction to Evolution
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Evolution | heritage change in one or more characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.
things change through time, natual selection, genetic variation,
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| Microevolution | evolution on a smaller scale, relating to changes in a single gene or allele frequencies in a population over time.
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| Macroevolution | larger scale evolution in relation to the formation of new species or groups of related species.
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| Discovery based science | collection and analysis of data without the need for a preconceived hypothesis.
Often leads to hypothesis testing.
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| Hypothesis Testing | creation of a hypothesis, testing, analyzing data, accept or reject hypothesis
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| Theory | Developed through extensive testing and large amounts of data
consistency with a vast amount of known data
ability to make a correct prediction
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| Charles Darwin (1809-1882) | played key role in developing the theory of evolution.
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| Natural Selection | ACTS ON THE INDIVIDUAL
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| EVOLUTION | ACTS ON THE POPULATION
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| Homologous Structures | same components, common ancestor
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| Convergent Evolution | Do NOT share a common ancestor but look alike
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| Analogous | Similar environmental pressure, NOT COMMON ANCESTOR
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| Natural Selection | Requires Variation, Inheritable, one has to reproduce faster than other.
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| Lamark (1800) | You lose an arm, so does your offspring! AH!
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| Alleles | variant forms of a particular gene
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| Vestigial Structures | anatomical features that have no current function but resemble structures of their presumed ancestors.
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| homologous genes | two or more genes are derived from the same ancestral gene
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| phenotype | observable characteristic
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| genotype | hereditary information, genetic make up
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| Ultimate source of all genetic variation | mutation
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| Gene Pools | complete set of unique alleles in a species or population
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| Hardy Weinberg Theorem | 5 Conditions:
1. NOT evolve, should be infinitely large
2. random mating
3.no selection
4. no mutations
5. no migrations
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| Founder Effect | In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
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| Bottleneck Effect | is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing
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| Types of Natural Selection | 1. Directional
2. Disruptive
3. Stabilizing
4. Balancing
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| Sexual Selection | competition in terms of who is the better breader
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| 1859 | pubilshing darwins book about species
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| Reproductive Isolation | prevents one species from breeding with another
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| Prezygotic reproduction | habitat isolation
temporal isolation (reproducing at different times of the year)
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation (size prevention)
gametic isolation
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| postzygotic reproduction | hybrid viability (offspring die)
hybrid fertility (output is low or 0)
Hybrid Breakdown (works for one generation but then not others)
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| gradualism | changes occur slowly in the form of gradual steps
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| punctuated equilibrium | theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that most sexually reproducing species will experience little evolutionary change for most of their geological history, remaining in an extended state called stasis
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| anagenesis | the evolution of species involving an entire population rather than a branching even
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| cladogenesis | Cladogenesis is the process by which species split into two distinct species,
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| allopatric speciation | seperated, possibly my geographical reasons, and thus creates two new species
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| sympatric speciation | ranges overlap but still not together
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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