Pharmacology Blueprint 1 flashcards
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| Is the study of the uses & effects of drugs | Pharmacology
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| The action of drugs in the body | Pharmacokinetics
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| The effects of drugs on functions of the body | Pharmacodynamics
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| Assigned name for a drug. Not licensed and can used by any manufacturer. Usually not capitalized. | Generic Name
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| Brand name of a drug. Licensed to a certain manufacturer and cannot be used by other manufacturers. Usually capitalized. | Trade Names
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| The time it takes to remove 50% of a drug from the body. | Half-Life
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| The % of medication that is inactivated after it goes through the liver the 1st time. | First Pass
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| Any unintended reactions or consequences that result from a medication: usually mild and may be beneficial or annoying. | Side effect
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| unexpected and undesirable symptoms or problems that arise because of a medication. The more severe reactions often require hospitalization & may cause death. | Adverse reaction
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| Life threatening allergic reaction to medication so severe that the patient has difficulty breathing and may have cardiovascular collapse. | Anaphylaxis
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| Strange, unique, or unexpected responses to a drug | Idiosyncratic Responses
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| When 2 drugs are given together, the effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone | Synergistic effect
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| The 4 Basic Drug Processes | 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
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| The 6 Drug Rights | 1. T- Time
2. R- Route
3. A- Amount/Dose
4. M- Medication
5. P- Patient
6. D- Documentation
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| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category in which adequate, well controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown an increased risk of fetal abnormalities. | Category A
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| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category in which animal studies have shown no harm to the fetus.No adequate & well controlled studies in pregnant women or animal studies show an adverse effect but adequate studies in pregnant women have shown no risk to fetus. | Category B
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| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category in which Animal studies show an adverse effect but there is no adequate studies in pregnant women or no animals or pregnant women studies | Category C
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| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category in which adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to fetus. (benefits may outweigh the risk) | Category D
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| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category in which animal & pregnant women have demonstrated evidence of fetal abnormalities (contraindicated in pregnant women) | Category X
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| Health practices that are scientifically untested or lacking in supportive data. Ex: Herbal therapies, aromatherapy, chiropractic, acupuncture, massage, and homeotherapy | Alternative Medicine
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| Alternative (non-traditional) therapies used in addition to standard medical care | Complementary Medicine
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| Compounds made from plant sources used in alternative or complementary medical practice to relieve symptoms. Often prepared as teas, poultices, or wraps. | Herbal Medicine
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| Concerns for Herbal Medicine: | They are not tested or regulated.
They may interact with other medicine or foods.
Plants vary in concentration depending on soil, water, & sun where they are from so concentrations may vary.
May contain harmful agents.
Considered experimental
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| 1. Decrease thickness of Resp. Secretions. 2. Increase the amount of fluid in Resp. Tract 3.Decrease the amount of coughing | Expectorant
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| 1.Affects Alpha receptors in blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, causing vasoconstriction. 2. Reduces blood flow, fluid movement, and nasal edema. 3. Some act on beta2 receptors which cause "rebound vasodilation" | Decongestants
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| Category of drugs identified by federal legislation s having low risk to patients and that may be purchased without a prescription, have a low risk of abuse & safe if directions are followed | OTC (over the counter) medications
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| OTC (over the counter) medicine concerns | 1. some may produce adverse effects in some patients
2. may interact with other medications
3. confusion of correct dosages
4.May possibly have hidden chemicals
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| Likely to produce malformations or damage in the embryo or fetus | Teratogenic
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| Cultural Considerations | Ask people about what they believe & really listen. People may have different customs & beliefs that aren't the same as medical care. Other factors include genetics, spiritual/religion, compliance.
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| Slows down destruction of mast cells prevents Asthma & COPD attacks | Cromolyn
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| 1.Most common sympathomimetic bronchodilators 2.Selective for beta2 receptors 3.Fewer side effects than other adrenergic drugs 4. long duration of bronchodilation | Proventil
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| Guidelines for drug cards | 1. Brand name/Generic name
2. Page #
3. Drug Classification
4. Safe dose range
5. Indication/purpose
6. Major side effects
7. Nursing considerations/Implications
8. Initials
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