Head and neck assess
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| if the head is tilted to one side thats an indicator of | unilateral hearing or visual loss
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| horizontal jerking or bobbing is.. | a tremor
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| what is hydrocephalus | buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.. infants larger head
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| what is acromegaly | adults with enlarged jaws and facial bones caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone
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| Examination of the eyes include | visual acuity, visual fields,extraocular movements,external and internal eyes movements.
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| assessing near vision | ask client to read printed material
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| if assessing distant vision use | snellen chart.
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| checkin light perception | shine penlight in eye. shutoff light
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| to test extraocular movements | put the fingers up and down side to side
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| what is cataracts | increased opacity of the lens. blocks the rays from entering the eye. develop slowly and progressivly after age 35 or sudden trauma
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| what is glaucoma | intraocular structural damage resulting from elevate intraocular pressure. obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor causes it
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| what is macular degeneration | blurred central vision. progressive degeneration of the center of the retina. most common over age 50. most common blindness in adults
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| what is strabismus | crossed eyes impairment of the extraocular muscles or nerves
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| what is retinopathy | leading cause of blindness. noninflammatory eye disorder resulting in changes in retinal blood vessels.
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| what is hyperopia | far sightedness.. a refractive error in which ray of light enters the eye and focus behind the retina. cant see close
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| what is myopia | near sightedness.. a refractive error in which rays of light enter the eye and focus in front of the retina. cant see distance
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| what is nystagmus | involuntary rhythimal oscillation of the eyes by periodicaly stopping the movement of the finger
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| Bulging eyes are | exophthalmos
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| an abnormal drooping of the lid over the pupil is called | ptosis caused by edema or impairment of third cranial nerve
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| ectropin | older adults lid margins are turned out
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| entropion | older adults lid margins are turned in
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| sty | acute suppurative inflammation
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| the lacrimal gland is responsible for | tear production
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| The presense of redness indicates...in the sclera | conjuctivities or allergies
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| bright red blood in a localized area surrounded by normal appearing conjunctiva indicates | subconjunctival hemorrhage
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| a thin white ring along the margin of the iris | arcus senilis.. common in aging uncommon under age 40
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| pupis are normally | 3-7 cmm
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| dilated pupils result from | glaucoma/trauma/neurological disorders/eye meds or withdrawl from opioids
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| inflammation of iris or use of drugs | constricted pupils
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| directly illuiminated pupil constricts | vise verzsa
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| if pupil is normal all tests | PERLLA
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| DEEPER INTO THE EYE FROM AN ADVANCED NURSE | ophthalmoscope
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| inspect and palpate the external ear | inspect middle ear with otoscope
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| test inner ear by | hearing acuity
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| external ear structure consists of | auricle.outer ear canal. tympanic membrane
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| the middle ear | air filled cavity containing bony ossicles. malleus. incus. stapes
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| eustachian tube | connected the middle ear to the nasopharynx. pressure between atmosphere and middle ear is stabilized through this tube
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| inner ear | cochlea. vestibule.semicircular canals.
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| otoscope | observing deep into external and middle ear
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| cerumen | yellow wax in ear
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| reddened canal | infection or inflammation
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| what is conduction hearing loss | interrupts sound waves as they travel from the outer ear to the cochlea of the inner ear because the sound waves arent transmitted through the outer and middle ear structures
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| sensorineural loss | involves inner ear, auditoy nerve, or hearing center of the brain
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| mixed loss | combintation of sensorineural loss and conduction loss
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| what is ototoxicity | injury to auditory nerve resulting from high maintenance doses of antiobitocs
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| what is a tuning fork used for | 256-512 hertz most commonly used allows for hearing by bone conduction with that of air conduction
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| what is webers test | hold at base and tap against heel of palm place above head see if the client hears in both ears
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| What is the rinne test | place stem of tuning fork against client mastoid process. vibrate it go next to ear and ask if she hears it vibrating still
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| when assessing integrity of nose and sinuses what do u do | inspect and palpatation!
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| penlight allows for gross examination of each naris | when inspecting external nose.. observe shape. color. skin. size.
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| close one naris and breath and vise versa! | when illuimanting the naris check for mucosa. color. lesions. discharge. sweling and evidence of bleeding.
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| sinus infection | yellowish green discharge
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| allergies | clear discharge
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| what is excoriation | local skin breakdown characterized by redness and skin sloughing in the nose.. maybe b y a nasogastric tube
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| deviated septum | obstructs breathing and interferes with passage of nasogastric tube
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| What is a polyp | tumor like growth or purulent drainage
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| Examination of sinus's | Involves palpation
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| frontal and maxillary facial areas | palpating the sinuses, thumb up and under clients eyebrow
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| assess the oral cavity use a | penlight and tongue depressor
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| inspect the lips for... | color texture hydration contour and lesions
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| pallor lips = | anemia with cyanosis caused by respitory or cardio problems
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| cherry coated lips= | carbon monoxide poisoning
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| any lesions such as nodules or ulcerations= | infection.irratation or skin cancer
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| symmetrical smile= | normal facial nerve function
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| note color of teeth.alignment. | presence of caries
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| chalky white on the teeth= | cavities
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| brown or black discoloration= | formation of caries
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| yellow stain | tobacco use
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| brown stain | coffee tea cola
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| inspect mucosa for | color. hydration. texture. lesions.ulcers.abrasions.cycsts.
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| thick white patches in buccal mucosa | leukoplakia, precancerious lesions. alcks and smokers
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| spongy gums that bleed= | periodontal disease and vitamin c deficiency
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| gingivitis | swollen gums. mobile teeth. pockets of debris at tooth margin
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| varicosities | swollen tortuous veins common in older adults. rarely caused issues
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| exostosis | bony growth between 2 palates
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| examination of pharyngeal | infection.inflammation or lesions
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Created by:
ziogas
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