Chapter 1,2,4,5
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| Pharmacologia sen Manducto | First recorded reference to pharmacology written by Samuel Dale in 1693
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| Modern Pharmacology | Began in early 1800's, chemists isolated pharmacological subsstances from natural substances, effecs on animals studied, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects
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| The Distinct Discipline | First department of pharmacoloogy est. at Estonia in 1847
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| John Jacob Abel | Father of American pharmacology, founder of pharmacology dept. at U of M in 1890
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| 20th Century to Present | Drugs synthesized in laboratory, tested for relatively short time, understandin increased of how they produce their effects, and focus is on improvements in quality of life
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| Pharmacology | greek for study of medicine, encompasses how drugs are aministered, where drugs travel in the body, and responses drugs produce
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| Interrelated Subject Areas | ANP, Chem, Micro, and pathophysiology
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| Characteristics of 10,000 drugs | Therapeutic applications, interactions, side effects, mechanisms of action
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| Drugs elicit different responses depending on | age, sex, body mass, health status, genetics
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| Therapeutics | concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering
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| pharmacotherapy | the application of drugs for disease prevention and treatment of suffering
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| chemical drugs | synthesized in a laboratory
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| medication | a drug that is administered produce biological responses
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| therapeutic response | a desirable response in the body
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| adverse response | an undesirable response in the body
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| biologics | agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by the body itself
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| examples of biologics | hormones, monoclonal antibodies, natural blood products and components, interferon, and vaccines
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| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | Natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements, acupuncture, biofeedback
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| OTC advantages | economical, no health-care appt.
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| OTC disadvantages | may choose wrong drug, client my not know reactions or interactions, and innefective treatment may result in progression of disease
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| prescription drugs | require that the recipient obtain a written order from a person with the legal authority to write such a prescription
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| prescription drug advantages | health care provider examines the client and orders proper drug, amt and freq is controlled, instructions and on use side effects of drug are discussed
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| prescription drug disadvantages | requires a prescription to obtain, need for health care provider
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| formulary | the first standard list of drugs and drug recipes commonly used by pharmacists
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| pharmacopoeia | a medical reference summarizing standards of a medical reference summarizing standars of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis
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| United States Pharmacopoeia(USP) | first comprehensive publication of drug standards of purity, strength, directions for synthesis US 1820
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| American Pharmaceutical Organization (APhA) | National professional society of pharmacists 1852, maintained the national compendia of drug standards, the National Formulary (NF)
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| National Formulary (NF) | national compendia of drug standard, competed with other compendia (USP)
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| USP-NF | merged in 1975, offical monographs and interim announcements published regularly, full bound version printed every five years
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| Biologic Control Act of 1902 | standardized serum and blood-related products
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| Pure food and Drug Act of 1906 | government controls labeling of medicines
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| Sherley Amendment of 1912 | prohibited drugs labeled with false therapeutic claims
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| Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and amenments | thorough testing of drug, prood of safety and efficacy of drug
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| Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 | controls misleading industry claims
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| Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA) | Agency of US department of health and human services in 1988
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