Unit 6 vocab
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| mineral | A natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure.
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| element | A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number.
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| atom | The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
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| compound | A substance made up of atoms or ions of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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| matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space
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| crystal | Natural solid substance that has a definite geometric shape.
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| streak | A color of a mineral in powered form.
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| luster | The way in which a mineral reflects light
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| cleavage | In geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces
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| Weathering | The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks.
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| erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediments from, one location to another.
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| deposition | The process in which material is laid down.
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| igneous rock | Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
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| sedimentary rock | A rock that forms from compresses or cemented later of sediment
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| metamorphic rock | A rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes
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| rock cycle | The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes
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| uplift | The rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations.
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| subsidence | The sinking of regions of the Earth's crust to lower elevations
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| rift zone | An area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other.
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| crust | The thin and solid outermost later of Earth above the mantle.
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| mantle | The layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core.
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| convection | The movement of matter due to differences in density; the transform of energy due to the movement of matter.
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| core | The central part of Earth below the mantle
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| lithosphere | The solid, outer most layer of Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.
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| asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move.
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| mesosphere | The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and outer core, 2. The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and which temperature
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| Pangaea | The super continent that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break up 200 million years ago.
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| Sea-floor spreading | The process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms when magma rises to Earth's surface at mid-ocean ridges and solidifies, as older, existing sea floor moves away from the ridge
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| Plate tectonics | The theory that explains how large pieces of lithosphere, called plates, move and change shape.
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| tectonic plates | A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle.
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| convergent boundary | The boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding.
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| divergent boundary | The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
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| transform boundary | The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally.
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| deformation | The bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth's crust; the change in shape of rock in response to stress.
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| folding | The bending of rock layers due to stress.
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| fault | A break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another
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| shear stress | Stress that occurs when forces act in parallel but opposite directions.
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| tension | Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
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| compression | Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object.
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| earthquake | A movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move.
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| focus | The location within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs.
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| epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point, or focus.
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| tectonic plates boundary | The edge between two or more plates classified as divergent, convergent, or transform by the movement taking place between the plates.
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| elastic rebound | The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape.
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| Volcano | A vent or fissure in Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled
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| magma | The molten or partially molten rock material containing trapped gases produced under the Earth's surface.
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| lava | Magma that flows onto Earth's surface; the rock that forms when lava cools and solidifies.
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| vent | An opening at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes.
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| hot spot | A volcanically active area of Earth's surface, commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary
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