PHM1000 Pharmacy Technician - Chapter 7: Routes/Formulations De More
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intra | into
🗑
|
||||
| Intravenous | into the the venous (circulatory) system
🗑
|
||||
| intraocular | into the eye; PARENTERAL; solutions, suspensions, ointments, inserts
🗑
|
||||
| intracardiac | into the heart
🗑
|
||||
| intraarterial | into the artery
🗑
|
||||
| intrspinal | into the spine
🗑
|
||||
| intraosseous | into the bone
🗑
|
||||
| intraarticular | into the joint
🗑
|
||||
| intrarespiratory | into the lung
🗑
|
||||
| Enteral | anything involving the alimentary tract (mouth to anus)
🗑
|
||||
| Parenteral | any sites of administration besides the enteral tract. (i.e. vaginal)
🗑
|
||||
| Oral | ENTERAL; Tablets, Capsules, Bulk Powders, Solutions, Suspensions, Elixirs, Syrups, Emulsions
🗑
|
||||
| Buccal | ENTERAL; Tablets, Solutions
🗑
|
||||
| Sublingual | ENTERAL; Tablets, Lozenges
🗑
|
||||
| Rectal | ENTERAL; Solutions, Ointments, Suppositories
🗑
|
||||
| intranasal | PARENTERAL; solutions, suspensions, sprays, aerosols, inhalers, powders
🗑
|
||||
| inhalation | PARENTERAL; solutions, aerosols, powders,
🗑
|
||||
| IV/IM/ID | intravenous/intramuscular/intradermal; PARENTERAL; solutions, suspensions, emulsions
🗑
|
||||
| dermal | solutions, tinctures, collodions, liniments, suspensions, ointments, creams, gels, lotions, pastes, plasters, powders, aerosols, transdermal patches
🗑
|
||||
| subcutaneous | PARENTERAL; solutions, suspensions, emulsions, implants
🗑
|
||||
| vaginal | PARENTERAL; solutions, ointments, creams, aerosol foams; powders; suppositories, tablets, IUDs
🗑
|
||||
| pH | measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. 7 is neutral. Higher numbers = more alkaline (8-14) Lower numbers = more acidic (1-6).
🗑
|
||||
| stomach acid | pH of 1-2
🗑
|
||||
| enteric coated | coating on tablets that delays disintegration of a tablet until it reaches the higher pH of the intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| disintegration | breaking apart of a tablet into smaller pieces
🗑
|
||||
| dissolution | when the smaller pieces of a disintegrated tablet dissolve in a solution
🗑
|
||||
| modified release | oral formulations that release the drug so a longer duration of action occurs. SR (sustained release) SA (slow acting), ER/XR (extended release) PA (prolonged action), CR (controlled/continuous release) TR (time release) LA (long acting)
🗑
|
||||
| solutions | clear liquid made up of one or more substances dissolved in a solvent(Aqueous solutions)
🗑
|
||||
| syrups | concentrated or nearly saturated solution of sucrose in water, contain less than 10% of alcohol.
🗑
|
||||
| nonaqueous solution | contain solvent other then water (glycerin, alcohol, propylene glycol can be used in oral solutions)
🗑
|
||||
| elixirs | lear sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids, less sweet and viscous than syrup,alcohol content 5-40%
🗑
|
||||
| spirits | alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances with alcohol content 62-85%. Typically used for flavoring effect (Peppermint Spirit) but can be used for medicinal purposes (Spirit of Camphor)
🗑
|
||||
| tinctures | nonvolatile substances:10gm drugs in 100ml of solutions; Ex: Tincture of Iodine
🗑
|
||||
| suspensions | formulations in which the drug is not completely dissolved in the solvent.
🗑
|
||||
| emulsions | mixture of two or more immiscible (unblendable) liquids; "Oil and Water don't mix"; an emulsifier is is used to formulate a homogenous mixture between the two ingredients
🗑
|
||||
| creaming | one of two distinct phases of separation that occurs with emulsions; occurs when dispersed droplets merge and rise to the top or fall to the bottom of the emulsion; redispersed by shaking
🗑
|
||||
| coalescence | breaking or cracking; irreversable seperation of dispersed phase (emulsions)
🗑
|
||||
| gelling agents | increase the viscosity or thickness of the medium in which they are placed (GELS)
🗑
|
||||
| water soluble | able to dissolve in water
🗑
|
||||
| sublingual | under the tongue
🗑
|
||||
| hemorrhoid | painful swollen veins in the anal/rectal area
🗑
|
||||
| IV | intravenous; 16-20 gauge/1-1.5" needle length
🗑
|
||||
| IM | intramuscular; 19-22 gauge/1-1.5" needle length
🗑
|
||||
| SC/SQ | subcutaneous; 24-27 gauge/ 3/8 - 1" needle length
🗑
|
||||
| ID | intradermal; 25-26 gauge/ 3/8" needle length
🗑
|
||||
| necrosis | increase in cell death
🗑
|
||||
| buffer system | ingredients in a formulation designed to control pH
🗑
|
||||
| sterile | free of all microorganisms, both harmful and harmless
🗑
|
||||
| aqueous | water based
🗑
|
||||
| diluent | solvent that dissolves a freeze dried powder or dilutes a solution
🗑
|
||||
| infusion | gradual injection of an intravenous solution into a patient
🗑
|
||||
| syringeability | the ease with which a suspension can be drawn from a container into a syringe
🗑
|
||||
| thrombus | blood clot; complication that can occur from IV administration
🗑
|
||||
| phlebitis | inflammation of veins; complication that can occur from IV administration
🗑
|
||||
| air emboli | occurs when air is injected into the veins; complication that can occur from IV administration
🗑
|
||||
| particulate matter | small pieces of material (ex: glass from ampule or vial) that can get through filtration in an IV line and cause complications if it gets into venous system
🗑
|
||||
| infusion pumps | used to ensure a constant delivery rate
🗑
|
||||
| elastometric pumps | useful for intermittent or very slow, continuous infusions
🗑
|
||||
| IM Injection sites | gluteal maximus, deltoid (upper arm) and thigh muscles
🗑
|
||||
| IM Injection formulations | solutions, suspensions, colloids in aqueous and oil based solvents, oil-in-water emulsions or water-in-oil emulsions
🗑
|
||||
| oil in water emulsions | an oil dispersed in water; mix readily with water based liquids (ex: milk. fat globules dispersed in water)
🗑
|
||||
| water in oil emulsions | water based mixed in oil; mix readily with oil based liquids (ex: cod liver oil)
🗑
|
||||
| z-tract injection | method of injecting medication into a large muscle using a needle and syringe; seals the medication deeply within the muscle and allows no exit path back into the subcutaneous tissue and skin. Used for medicines that stain the skin or irritate tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| SC injection sites | lower abdomen, front of thigh, back, back of upper arm
🗑
|
||||
| biocompatability | not irritating; does not promote infection or abcess
🗑
|
||||
| wheal | raised or blister-like area on the skin caused by an ID (intradermal) injection
🗑
|
||||
| normal volume of tears | estimated to be 7 to 10 microliters
🗑
|
||||
| normal commercial volume | 50 microliters
🗑
|
||||
| % of dose lost from overflow of the eye | 80% Only about 20% of a dose is actually absorbed into the eye.
🗑
|
||||
| Tear production | 2 microliters per minute; turnover is every 2 to 3 minutes
🗑
|
||||
| Capacity of adult nasal cavity | 20ml
🗑
|
||||
| inspiration | breathing in
🗑
|
||||
| MDI | metered dose inhalers
🗑
|
||||
| percutaneous absorption | absorption of drugs through the skin, often for systemic effect
🗑
|
||||
| Rules of percutaneous absorption | more drug is absorbed when applied to larger area; greater amount of rubbing in, the greater the absorption; longer the contact with the skin, the greater absorption; formulations or dressings that increase skin hydration generally improves absorption
🗑
|
||||
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidurmis
🗑
|
||||
| gels | dispersions of solid drugs in jelly like vehicle
🗑
|
||||
| lotions | suspensions of solid drugs in an aqueous vehicle
🗑
|
||||
| ointments | drugs incorporated into a base (such as petrolatum, polyethylene glycols)
🗑
|
||||
| colloidions | liquid preparations of pyroxylin (pulpy or cottonlike polymer) dissolved in a solvent mixture of ether and alcohol (ex: Liquid bandages)
🗑
|
||||
| liniments | alcoholic or oil based solutions, generally applied by rubbing (ex: absorbine jr.)
🗑
|
||||
| pastes | used for protective action; more solid materials than ointments, stiffer and less penetrating
🗑
|
||||
| plasters | provide prolonged contact at application site; solid or semisolid (common backing material: cotton, moleskin, paper)
🗑
|
||||
| powders | mixture of drug and inactive base (ex cornstarch)
🗑
|
||||
| transdermal systems | patches, tapes, gauzes used to deliver drugs through skin for a systemic effect
🗑
|
||||
| glycerinated gelatin | base used to make suppositories; good for prolonged local effects because it softens slowly; preferred for vaginal suppositories
🗑
|
||||
| polyethylene glycols | used in suppositories; dissolve when inserted into a body cavity, which allows for storage without refrigeration
🗑
|
||||
| solid formulations | tablets, capsules, bulk powder
🗑
|
||||
| modified released formulations | primary goal is to reduce the amount of doses; many terms are used to identify these drugs: ER/XR (extended release) prolonged action (PA), sustained release (SR) controlled/continued release (CR) time release (TR) and long acting (LA)
🗑
|
||||
| local effect | drug activity is at site of administration
🗑
|
||||
| systemic effect | drug introduced into the venous (circulatory) system and carried to site of activity
🗑
|
||||
| enteral routes | oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal
🗑
|
||||
| enteral dosage forms | tablets, capsules, bulk powders, solutions, suspensions, elixers, syrups, emulsions, lozenges, ointments, suppositores; (know what forms can be used where)
🗑
|
||||
| parenteral route | intraocular, intranasal, inhalation, intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, dermal, dermal, subcutaneous, vaginal
🗑
|
||||
| parenteral dosage forms | solutions, suspensions, ointments, inserts, gels, aerosols, powders, colloids, emulsions, tinctures, liniments, creams, lotions, pastes, plasters, transdermal patches, IUDs (IMPORTANT: know what forms can be used where!)
🗑
|
||||
| sublingual & buccal | route of administration used when rapid action is desired; some limitations include bitter taste and conditions which may inhibit patient from taking medications orally
🗑
|
||||
| rectal administration | given for local effect or to avoid degradation; limitations include: many patients do not prefer rectal dosage forms, seen as inconvenient; absorption is erratic and unpredictable
🗑
|
||||
| parenteral administration | used becausee: poor absorption of oral drug, med degraded by stomach/intestinal acids, rapid drug response desired, patient is unconscious/unable to take the drug; disadvantages: cost/skills to administer, risks of administration or if reaction occurs
🗑
|
||||
| injection independent | opthalmic, intranasal, inhalation, dermal, vaginal, otic
🗑
|
||||
| injection dependent | intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, epidural, intrathecal
🗑
|
||||
| buffer system | ingredients in a formulation designed to control the pH
🗑
|
||||
| sterile | bacteria-free
🗑
|
||||
| complications that can occur from IV administration | thrombus, phlebitis, air emboli, particulate material
🗑
|
||||
| IM injection formulations | solutions, suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions and colloids in aqueous and oil-based solvents
🗑
|
||||
| subcutaneous injection sites | lower abdomen, back of arm, front thigh, upper back
🗑
|
||||
| viscosity | thickness of liquid
🗑
|
||||
| wheal | caused by an ID inhection; raied blister-like area on the skin
🗑
|
||||
| ways intranasal dosage is lost | amounts of drug are swallowed; normal mucous flow remove drug; enzymes in mucosa metabolize certain drugs
🗑
|
||||
| recommended period for intranasal administration | 3 to 5 days; prolonged used can lead to swelling, which can cause a rebound of symptons previously intended to be treated by the nasal spray.
🗑
|
||||
| syringability | ease with which a suspension can be be drawn from a container into a syringe
🗑
|
||||
| injectability | ease of flow when a suspension is injected into a patient
🗑
|
||||
| infusion | gradual intravenous injection of a volume of fluid into a patient ; generally a large volume (i.e. electrolyte solution)
🗑
|
||||
| infusion pumps | administration devises used for the administration of certain medications (such as analgesics or insulin) at a controlled rate
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
MrsAFlaherty
Popular Pharmacology sets