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Key Terms

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
What is developmental psychology   show
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3 major developmental psychology focus   show
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What are teratogens (from prenatal development)   show
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show decrease responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus (shows signs of boredom)  
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show Biological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively uninfluenced by experiences  
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Frontal lobe   show
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Sequence of baby development   show
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show 4 years old  
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show The development of the frontal lobes and hippocampus  
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What is cognition?   show
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show A child's mind develops through a series of stages, in an upward march from the newborns simple reflexes to adults abstract reasoning power (increase intellect means more struggle making sense of our experience)  
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show A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information  
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show Assimilation is integrating new experiences in terms of our current understanding. (dog = 4 legged animal) Accommodation is our schemas incorporating information provided by new experiences. (dog, cat, etc, multiple schema)  
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show Sensorimotor (object permanences), Preoperational (conservation, pretend play, egocentric, theory of mind), Concrete operational, and Formal operational.  
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show birth to 2 years old infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activity.  
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show (subsection of sensorimotor) when the awareness hat things continue to exist even when not perceived  
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show 2 years old to 6/7 years old when a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic  
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Conservation   show
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show (subsection of preoperational) symbolic thinking that advances during tradition stages  
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Egocentric   show
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show (subsection of preoperational) peoples ideas about their own and others mental stages, about their feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict  
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show 7 years old to 11 years old when children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logical about concrete events  
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show 12 years old onwards when people begin to think logically about abstract concepts  
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What did Lev Vygotsky emphasize?   show
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Scaffold   show
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show the zone between what a child can and can't do (it's what a ki can do with help like riding a bike)  
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How is language an important ingredient of social monitoring?   show
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show - development is continuous - formal logic as a smaller part of cognition - detecting the beginnings of each type of thinking at earlier ages to reveal conceptual ability  
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What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?   show
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What seems to be the source of ASD's symptoms?   show
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show when altered by maternal infection and inflammation , psychiatric drug use or stress hormones. (Childhood vaccines do not contribute to ASD)  
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What do several studies show about the brain's structure in those with ASD?   show
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What is stranger anxiety?   show
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show An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation.  
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What are the findings of Harlow's monkey?   show
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What is the a critical period?   show
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show The process by which certain animals from strong attachments during early life  
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show procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then return, the child reaction is observed  
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show shows only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves and finds comfort in caregivers return  
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Insecure attachment   show
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show Children who have a secure attachment style approach life with a sense of predictable and trustworthy (formed during infancy)  
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What happens when children are neglected?   show
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What is self-concept?   show
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show Self-awareness begins when we recognize ourselves in a mirror, drawing showed by 18 months, children could distinct themselves in a mirror.  
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Authoritarian parenting style   show
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Permissive parenting style   show
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Negligent parenting style   show
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show Parents are confirmative. They are both demanding and responsive. excerpt control by setting rules, especially with older children. Encourage open discussion and allow exceptions.  
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Western vs Asian/African beliefs.   show
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show the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. (start of sexual maturity, ends with social achievement of independent adult status)  
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Tension of adolescence   show
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What happens to unused neurons during adolescence   show
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Frontal lobe continuing to grow   show
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What are some changes in adolescents reasoning during formal operation?   show
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show think morally and act accordingly  
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show Preconventional morality; determine right/wrong by rewards/punishments Conventional morality; views of other matter. avoidance of blame and seeks approval Post conventional morality; abstract notions of justice. rights of others can override obedience.  
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show it's rooted in moral intuitions quick gut feeling"  
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What is identity?   show
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show the "we" aspect of our self-concept, comes from our group memberships  
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Why do some adolescents forge identities early?   show
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What age range does self esteem fall?   show
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What is intimacy and how is it related to identity development?   show
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How does the relationship between adolescents and parents change as adolescents begin to find their own identities?   show
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show a period from age 18 to the mid-twenties when many in western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independences as adults  
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In what two ways does biology influence our gender psychology?   show
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show found in both male and female. child gets one from each parent.  
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What are Y chromosomes?   show
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What is testosterone?   show
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What are primary and secondary sex characteristics?   show
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show condition presents at birth due to an unnatural combo of male and female chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy  
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show create an unambiguous sex identity for children with the intersex condition  
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What are AIDS?   show
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show 1) BC communication 2) impulsively 3) alcohol use 4) mass media  
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Factors that predicts sexual restraints?   show
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Main points regarding sexual orientation?   show
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How much can we attribute sexual orientation to genetics?   show
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show spatial abilities, fingerprint ridges, auditory levels, gender nonconformity, etc  
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When do our physical abilities peak?   show
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show the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also reters to the biological changes a women experiences as her ability to reproduce declines  
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How has life expectancy changed since 1950?   show
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show Visual sharpness, distance perception, adaptation to light changes, and muscle mass decreases  
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show pro: antibodies to prepare for flu/common cold are stronger con: immune system is weaker and life threatening diseases can happen  
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Compared to teenagers, older people take a bit more time to:   show
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show Early adulthood (teens and young adulthood)  
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show Older people's prospective memory remains strong when events help trigger a memory, especially got habitual task  
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How can we build mental muscle and prevent decline from old age?   show
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Take away from cross-sectional and longitudinal study   show
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show Acquired (not life long) disorders marked by congestive deficits; often related to Alzheimer's, brain injury, drug abuse. (Formerly called dementia).  
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show A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plagues after the age around 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities.  
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Alzheimer's symptoms   show
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What is a social clock?   show
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show Ironic events that have lasting significance (For example the author of a book on this topic ended up marrying a woman he happened to sit next to)  
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Basic aspects that dominate adulthood   show
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show Helps people complete the life cycle with a sense of life's purpose and meaningfulness and unity  
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What is language?   show
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What are phonemes?   show
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What are morphemes   show
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show A language's set of rules that enable people to communicate , guide us in deriving meaning from sounds (semantics) and ordering words into sentences (syntax)  
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show The correct way to string words together to from setences  
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What is receptive language?   show
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show 6 months; they are able to recognize object names 7 months; they grow in their power to segment spoken sounds into individual words  
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What is productive language?   show
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What occurs during the babbling stage?   show
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What occurs during the one-word stage?   show
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show About age 2 when a child speaks in two word segments. Telegraphic speech where they talk in verb-noun patterns (ex; juice)  
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show Children understand complex sentences and begin to enjoy the humor conveyed by double meanings  
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What is meant by the critical period?   show
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show Lose the ability to master any language  
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show They should learn sign language from birth to ensure their developing language skills comparable to their peers. Delaying exposure to sign language can lead to significant language deficits.  
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Deaf child, cochlear implants discourse   show
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show School achievement, socially excluded, and communicating with peers who don't understand sign language.  
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What is Broca's Area?   show
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What is Wernicke's Area?   show
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What did Benjamin Lee Whorf propose?   show
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Define linguistic determinism   show
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show Words affect our thinking, thus our thinking and world view is relative to our culture's language  
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show We see colors the same but we use our native language to classify and remember them ( we think in images)  
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