ANS drugs incl. glaucoma
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| Activation of what receptors causes an increased HR and increased myocardial contractility? | show 🗑
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| show | Beta 2 agonist like albuterol
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| show | Beta 1 antagonist like labetatol
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| show | Beta 2 agonist
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| show | Beta 1 selective antagonist
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| show | Nonselective Beta antagonist
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| show | Muscarinic antagonist
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| What is pilocarpine? | show 🗑
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| show | up regulation of receptors remember: "anti-up"
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| Chronic exposure to agonist causes... | show 🗑
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| show | epi & norepi
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| show | Aged or fermented cheese contains tyrosine which is converted to tyramine in the body. MAOIs prevent metabolism of tyramine --> which stims norepi --> HTN crisis!
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| show | Beta 1 receptors
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| Activation fo these receptors causes Ca influx and smooth muscle contraction | show 🗑
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| These receptors are mostly presynaptic and inhibits adenylyl cyclase which causes decreased NT release | show 🗑
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| activation causes smooth muscle relaxation | show 🗑
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| show | Beta 3 receptors
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| show | muscarinic M3 receptors
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| show | they're located in different areas of the body
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| activation causes decrease SA node activity, decrease force of atrial contraction & decreased velocity at AV node with decrease rate | show 🗑
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| show | iris sphincter muscle contraction --> pupillary dilation & cilliary muscle relaxed --> far vision improved
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| show | Alpha 1 agonists. ophthalmic phenylephrine, mitodrine, tolterodine
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| dilates pupils and also causes cycloplegia | show 🗑
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| Activation of muscarinic M3 receptors | show 🗑
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| show | ipratroprium & tiotropium
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| Why is ipratroprium not useful in asthma? | show 🗑
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| show | relaxed & decreased digestion
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| What are the effects of Muscarinic receptor parasympathetic activation on the gut? | show 🗑
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| show | muscarinic antagonist
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| Effects of activation of muscarinic receptors on bladder | show 🗑
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| What do you give someone with an overactive bladder? | show 🗑
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| show | Alpha 1 agonist does not cause cycloplegia
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| show | Norepinephrine stimulates A1 = vasoconstriction and increased PVR therefore increased B/P; baroreceptors will then cause decreased HR.
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| show | isoproteronol is a nonselective Beta agonist therefore increased HR, so decreased B/P & no vasoconstriction so no change in PVR.
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| Muscarine | show 🗑
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| Symptoms of eating poisonous mushrooms that contain muscarine | show 🗑
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| Alpha & Beta receptors are found in which part of ANS? | show 🗑
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| Muscarinic receptors found in which part of ANS? | show 🗑
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| Activation of Alpha receptors | show 🗑
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| show | Norepi has a low affinity for B2 receptors and does not relieve bronchoconstriction
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| show | Alpha 1 blockers
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| show | selective Alpha 1 blocker: tamsulosin or alfuzosin
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| show | pheochromocytoma
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| Would use use an alpha or beta blocker on a patient with pheochromocytoma? | show 🗑
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| show | Albuterol is selective for Beta 2 agonist only. Epi hits all receptors and Isoproteronol is not selective so way too many side effects.
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| show | Beta 2 agonist. Useful for smooth muscle relaxtion in bronchioles as well as uterus.
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| show | Alpha 1 vasoconstricts --> administer SQ an Alpha blocker like phentolamine
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| show | skeletal muscle tremors
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| show | Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
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| show | Alpha 1 agonist
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| show | down regulation of alpha receptors with resultant rebound congestion
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| show | Propranolol, Nadolol, Pindolol
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| show | metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol
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| How can you tell generic selective beta blockerss from non-selective beta blockers? | show 🗑
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| Beta blocker used for migraine prophylaxsis | show 🗑
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| Would use you use a selective or nonselective beta blocker in a COPD patient? | show 🗑
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| CNS side effects of beta blockers? | show 🗑
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| What is the precaution for DM patients taking beta blockers | show 🗑
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| Danger of abruptly discontinuing a beta blocker? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased aqueous humor production
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| show | decrease aqueous humor production & increase outflow
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| clonidine | show 🗑
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| Yohimbe | show 🗑
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| show | very non-specific, will act on nicotinic receptors as well as muscarinic--> too many adverse side effects AND its half life is only seconds.
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| Drug of choice to help diagnose why a mysthenia gravis patient is experiencing increased muscle weakness? | show 🗑
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| A MG patient, who has been well controlled on medications, presents with complaint of increased weakness. The patient gets weaker after edrophonium administration, why? | show 🗑
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| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | show 🗑
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| MOA of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor? | show 🗑
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| show | Neostigmine is an NH4 quartanary ammonium (highly charged, polar) so it is NOT lipid soluable and doesn't last long in the body whereas pyrostigmine is (non-charged,non-polar)with a longer duration.
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| What would you administer to a person who had ingested poisonous mushrooms containing muscarine? | show 🗑
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| What is Sarin? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between reversible and irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| show | Irreversible acetylcholine inhibitors
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| show | organophosphate insecticides
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| show | cholinesterase reactivator -->2-PAM / pralidoxime and a muscarinic blocker -->atropine in multiple doses
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| show | Ovide for head lice
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| What's the difference between neostigmine, physostigmine and organophosphates? | show 🗑
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| show | confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, loss of reflexes, convulsions, coma, central respiratory paralysis
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| show | breaks the phosphate-oxygen bond
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| show | NO. Must be given quickly because aging of the phosphorylated enzyme complex make the phosphate-oxygen bond stonger/more stable and IT CAN'T BE BROKEN.
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| Can you use 2-PAM for neostigmine OD? | show 🗑
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| Muscarinic anatgonist for overactive bladder? | show 🗑
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| Muscarinic antagonist for IBS? | show 🗑
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| show | jimsonweed, deadly nightshade, black henbane, scopolomine
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| show | dry mouth, blurry vision
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| show | similar to atropine overdose: hallucinations, delirium, confusion, pupillary dilation with blurry vision, dry mouth, no tears or sweat, vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels.
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| Topical opthalmic medications that will dilate pupils? Which is preferable? | show 🗑
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| show | scopolamine
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| show | Atria, very few in ventricles
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| show | No. won't block by itself need to add 2-PAM
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| show | Open angle glaucoma
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| show | beta blocker and alpha 2 agonist
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| Topical non-selective beta blocker glaucoma drugs? | show 🗑
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| Topical selective B1 blocker glaucoma drugs? | show 🗑
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| show | brimonidine and apraclonidine
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| show | epinephrine and dipivefrin
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| show | binds to beta 2 receptor cells of trabecullar meshwork and makes"less clogged" up so increases outflow of aqueous humor. Also decreases AH production
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| show | decreased AH production
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| What is ophthalmic muscarinic antagonist activity? | show 🗑
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| show | pilocarpine and carbochol
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| Ophthalmic muscarinic agonist activity? | show 🗑
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| show | binds muscarinic receptor-->ciliary muscle contracts which is connected to trabecullar meshwork-->pulls on meshwork-->opens up the clog and pumps out AH into Schlem's canal
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| Structural defect in the eye that causes a narrow angle between the iris and cornea which obstructs the trabecullar meshwork causing a rpid rise in intraocular pressure | show 🗑
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| show | cholinomimetics - contracts iris sphincter muscle which pulls iris away from trabecullar meshwork increasing outflow of AH
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| show | dilation of pupils from ophthalmic drops
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| show | civimeline
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| Drugs of choice for treatment of Narrow Angle glaucoma? | show 🗑
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| Is esmolol a good po drug ? | show 🗑
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| show | Muscarinic blocker. Beta 1 agonist will also cause increased B/P, M blocker won't. Besides neostig is a M agonist, M antagnoist is best.
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| show | No. Would constrict pupil BUT does nothing to decrease AH production or increase its outflow.
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| show | muscarinic blocker. No M receptors on the prostate so won't hurt.
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| show | decrease bleeding d/t vasoconstriction and prolong action of anesthetic.
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| Where do you NOT want to use epi with a local anesthetic? | show 🗑
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| show | physostigmine. Because it crosses the BBB (atropine causes hallucinations & delerium), pyridostigmine doesn't cross the BBB
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| You have a patient who suffers from syncope when he stands up secondary to orthostatic hypotension which is not drug induced. What would be a good choice of medications for him? | show 🗑
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| Name 3 competitive cholinesterase inhibitors that act on the CNS and are used in Alzheimer's Disease? How to they work? | show 🗑
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| show | Alpha 1 antagonist - to block vasoconstriction
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| Your HTN patient has begun an exercise program but complains of fatigue during exercise? What type of B/P med could cause this? | show 🗑
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| You HTN patient who you just placed on meds, complains that every time she stands up she passes out. What type of med could cause this and what do you do? | show 🗑
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| A young child presents after eating what appears to be jimsonweed. What would you administer to reverse? | show 🗑
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