WEEK 7-13 PHYSIOLOGY
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| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane.
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| Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest? | A large-diameter neuron with myelin
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| Stimulus-gated channels open in response to | Sensory stimuli
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| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | Amines
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| A synaptic knob would be located on a(n): | axon
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| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins
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| When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called: | saltatory conduction.
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| Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to: | initiate an action potential.
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| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | hyperpolarization
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| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | hypothalamus.
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| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic
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| How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector? | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division.
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| T/F: The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | false
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| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | phrenic
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| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | vagus
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| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it.
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| In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are: | slow to appear but long-lasting.
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| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: | Ruffini corpuscles.
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| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: | permissiveness.
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| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the | crista ampullaris.
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| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: Correct! | malleus, incus, and stapes.
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| Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the _____ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | tectorial
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| The clear and potassium-rich fluid that fills the labyrinth is | endolymph.
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| Which of the following statements is not true of the pineal gland? | Melatonin is stimulated by the presence of sunlight.
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| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH
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| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit
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| A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: | polycythemia.
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| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors
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| If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium? | Tricuspid
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| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | vasodilation.
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| The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies are particularly sensitive to: | hypercapnia.
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| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site.
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| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | phagocytosis.
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| The function of which antibody is basically unknown? | IgD
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| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis.
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| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor.
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| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins.
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| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis.
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| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity.
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| The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the: | inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
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| Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise? | Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise, causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate.
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| The term used to describe the volume of air exchanged during normal inspiration and expiration is: | Tidal volume
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| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air.
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| Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg. | 760
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| Which of the following constitutes total lung volume? | Residual volume and vital capacity
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| Which of the following combinations in arterial blood could cause an increase in the respiratory rate? | Increased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, decreased pH, decreased PO2
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| Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system? | Control of cell metabolism rate
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| Which gas law deals with the solubility of gases in solution? | Henry
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| The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to: | provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system.
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| The enterogastric reflex causes: | inhibition of gastric peristalsis.
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| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide.
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| Which of the following is a disaccharide? | Sucrose
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| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. | passively out of
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| The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is: | secretin
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| Hydrolysis refers to: | using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones.
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| The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are: | glycerol and fatty acids.
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| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase
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| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | portal vein
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| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | amylase
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Created by:
mariecatienza