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Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential?
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Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest?
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WEEK 7-13 PHYSIOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane. |
| Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest? | A large-diameter neuron with myelin |
| Stimulus-gated channels open in response to | Sensory stimuli |
| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | Amines |
| A synaptic knob would be located on a(n): | axon |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins |
| When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called: | saltatory conduction. |
| Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to: | initiate an action potential. |
| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | hyperpolarization |
| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | hypothalamus. |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic |
| How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector? | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. |
| T/F: The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | false |
| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | phrenic |
| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | vagus |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. |
| In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are: | slow to appear but long-lasting. |
| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: | Ruffini corpuscles. |
| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: | permissiveness. |
| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the | crista ampullaris. |
| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: Correct! | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the _____ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | tectorial |
| The clear and potassium-rich fluid that fills the labyrinth is | endolymph. |
| Which of the following statements is not true of the pineal gland? | Melatonin is stimulated by the presence of sunlight. |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: | polycythemia. |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium? | Tricuspid |
| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | vasodilation. |
| The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies are particularly sensitive to: | hypercapnia. |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site. |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | phagocytosis. |
| The function of which antibody is basically unknown? | IgD |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins. |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis. |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the: | inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. |
| Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise? | Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise, causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate. |
| The term used to describe the volume of air exchanged during normal inspiration and expiration is: | Tidal volume |
| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air. |
| Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg. | 760 |
| Which of the following constitutes total lung volume? | Residual volume and vital capacity |
| Which of the following combinations in arterial blood could cause an increase in the respiratory rate? | Increased PCO2, decreased arterial pressure, decreased pH, decreased PO2 |
| Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system? | Control of cell metabolism rate |
| Which gas law deals with the solubility of gases in solution? | Henry |
| The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to: | provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system. |
| The enterogastric reflex causes: | inhibition of gastric peristalsis. |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide. |
| Which of the following is a disaccharide? | Sucrose |
| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. | passively out of |
| The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is: | secretin |
| Hydrolysis refers to: | using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones. |
| The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are: | glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | portal vein |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | amylase |
Created by:
mariecatienza