Ch 10; Nervous System; Vocabulary
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of some nerve cells.
🗑
|
||||
| arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| astrocyte (transport water and salt from the capillaries. | A type of glial (neuroglial) cell; connective, supporting cell of the nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| autonomic nervous system | Nerves that control involuntary body functions of the muscles, glands, and internal organs.
🗑
|
||||
| axon | Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.
🗑
|
||||
| blood-brain barrier | Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out.
🗑
|
||||
| brainstem | Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| pons and medulla oblongata | Part of the brainstem.
🗑
|
||||
| cauda equina | Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| cell body | Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus.
🗑
|
||||
| central nervous system (CNS) | Brain and the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum | Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.
🗑
|
||||
| cerebral cortex | Outer region of the cerebrum; containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| cerebrum | Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
🗑
|
||||
| dendrite | Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.
🗑
|
||||
| dura mater | Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| ependymal cell | A cell that lines the fluid-filled sacs of the brain and spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| ganglion (plural; ganglia) | A collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| glial cells (neuroglia) | Cells of the nervous sytem that do not carry impulses but are supportive and connective in function.
🗑
|
||||
| gyrus (plural; gyri) | Sheets of nerve cells that produce elevation in the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus | Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secreations from the pituitary gland.
🗑
|
||||
| medulla oblongata | The part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing , heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here.
🗑
|
||||
| meninges | Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| microglial cell | One type of glial cell, It is a phagocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| motor nerves | Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent (ef=away) nerves.
🗑
|
||||
| myelin sheath | Fatty tissue that surrounds, protects, and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. These sheaths are white in color (white matter).
🗑
|
||||
| neuron | A nerve cell; carries impulses throughout the body. There are about 10 billion.
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitter | Chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. (Examples are acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin).
🗑
|
||||
| oligodendroglial cell | Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons.
🗑
|
||||
| nerve | Macroscopic structure consisting of axons and dendrites in bundles like strands of rope.
🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic nerves | Involuntary, autonomic nerves that help regulate body functions like heart rate and respiration.
🗑
|
||||
| parenchyma | Essential, distinguishing cells of an organ. Neurons are the parenchymal tissue of the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral nervous system | Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.
🗑
|
||||
| pia mater | Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges.
🗑
|
||||
| plexus (plural; plexuses) | Large, interlacing network of nerves. Examples are lumbar-sacral and brachial (brachi/o means arm) plexuses.
🗑
|
||||
| pons | Part of the brain anterior to the cerebrum and between the medulla and rest of the brain. It is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| receptor | Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves within the body. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors.
🗑
|
||||
| sensory nerves | Carries messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent (af=toward) nerves.
🗑
|
||||
| stroma | Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells are stromal tissue of the brain.
🗑
|
||||
| stimulus (plural; stimuli) | Change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response.
🗑
|
||||
| sulcus (plural; sulci) | Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissue.
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic nerves | Autonomic nerves that influence body functions involuntarily in times of stress.
🗑
|
||||
| synapse | The space (juncture) through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another cell, such as muscle or gland cell.
🗑
|
||||
| thalamus | Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropiate centers in the cerebrum.
🗑
|
||||
| ventricles of the brain | Reservoirs (canals) in the interior of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
dmmeadows