Peripheral Vascular Disease
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| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Assc.with HTN, smoking, arteriosclerosis, and ^ age.Usually asymptomatic with a pulsing mass in the mid and upper abd. and a bruit over this mass.May cause mild to severe mid-abd to lwr back pain.Degree of pain usually indicative of it's severity.
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| Aneurysm | Weakness and localized dialation of a blood vessel wall. Usually affect arteries and aorta due to the high pressure w/in their walls.
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| Arterial Leg Ulcer | Skin is pale when elevated, but dark when dependent.Skin is thin/shiny. Areas of discoloration and alopecia.Thickened toenails. Peripheral pulses are weak or absent.May hear bruits.
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| Bueger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) | Occlusive disease of small & medium size periph. arteries.Vessels become inflamed,spastic, & thrombotic.Episodes of pain and impaired blood flow, then remission.Can lay dormant for years.Pain in calf or instep of foot relieved by rest.Smoking,cold, stress
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| Homan's Sign | Pain in the calf when the leg is dorsiflexed.
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| Hypertension (HTN) | P > than 140/90. Primary (essential)-no underlying cause.Secondary-known cause.
Stage I - (mild) 140-159/90-99
Stage II - (moderate) 160-179/100-109
Stage III - (severe) 180-209/110-119
Stage IV - very severe) >210/120
"Silent killer".
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| Intermittent Claudication | Cramping or aching sensation in the calves or the arch of the foot.Develops with activity and relieved with rest.
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| Peripheral Arterial Disease | Atherosclerotic disease of the aortoiliac, axillary, carotid, or femoral arteries
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| Phlebothrombosis | Clotting in a vein; phlebitis with secondary thrombosis
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| Polycythemia | Abnormally high RBC count w/high Hct.HA,dizziness,tinnitus,and blurred vision.
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| Raynaud's Phenomenon (Blue-white-red disease) | Spasms of the small arteries and arterioles of the extremities that limits blood flow.Fingers turn blue-white-red.S/S are intermittent at first then more frequent & pronounced & often follow exposure to cold or work-related vibration.
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| Thrombophlebitis | Thrombo=clot
Phlebo=vein
-itis=inflammation
Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a thrombus.
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| Venous Stasis Disease | Edema,dark discoloration, feels firm and hard.Skin is brownish,shiny,atrophic,and cyanotic.
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| Venous Stasis Ulcer | A poorly and slowly healing ulcer, usually located on the lower extremity above the medial malleolus
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| Virchow's Triangle | The three pathalogical factors assc'd w/thrombosis: venous stasis,increased blood coagulability,and vessel wall injury.
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| 6 P's | Pain,pulse,pallor,paresthesia,paralysis,poikiolthermia
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| Arteriosclerosis | Thickening,loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial walls.
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| Atherosclerosis | Lining of medium and large arteries are affected by lesions (atheromas or plaque) that may block blood flow.
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| Embolism | Sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris.
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| Early Vs. Late Shock | Early - Normal BP, increased pulse,skin is cool/moist normal color,anxious,increased depth and # of resps.
Late - Decreased BP,increased weak pulse,pale cold skin,decreased shallow resps,coma
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