Digestive System
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Why is it important to know the mucosal layers of the digestive system? | show 🗑
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| show | mucosa
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| What does the mucosa line? | show 🗑
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| What portions is the mucosa divided into? | show 🗑
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| show | where in the digestive system it is located
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| What does the epithelial layer in the mucosa do? | show 🗑
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| show | blood and lymph vessels
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| show | smooth muscle and it breaks down foods
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| What are the functions of the mucosa layer? | show 🗑
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| How does the mucosa provide a barrier against foreign particles? | show 🗑
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| T or F. The mucosa protects against the body's own stomach acid and urine. | show 🗑
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| What would nursing intervention be for radiation induced mucositis? | show 🗑
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| show | numbing agent (e.g. lidocaine), coating agent (to stick to membrane), benadryl (to reduce inflammation and redness), antibiotic (in case of infection)
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| show | submucosa
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| What does the submucosa contain? | show 🗑
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| What does the connective tissue in the submucosa help the gut do? | show 🗑
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| show | muscularis
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| What is the muscularis layer responsible for? | show 🗑
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| show | serosa
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| What is the serosa composed of? | show 🗑
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| What are the functions of the serosa? | show 🗑
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| show | pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal
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| The loops of the digestive tract are anchored to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity by a double fold of the peritoneal tissue called the ________________. | show 🗑
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| Do all digestive system organs have a serosal layer? | show 🗑
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| What does the esophagus have instead of a serosa? | show 🗑
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| What is adeventitia? | show 🗑
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| The esophagus is divided into what 3 portions? | show 🗑
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| The upper 1/3 of the esophagus is diagnosed more commonly with that type of cancer? | show 🗑
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| The middle and lower portions of the esophagus is more commonly diagnosed with what type of cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | adenocarcinoma
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| Is esophagus cancer more common in men or women? | show 🗑
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| show | -chronic irritation (GERD/reflux and Barrett's esophagus)
-smoking
-alcohol
-processed foods
-HPV
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| show | dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
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| show | surgery if possible, radiation combined with chemo
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| Why might an esophageal tumor be considered unresectable? | show 🗑
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| What is something that could happen with esophageal cancer since there is no serosa? | show 🗑
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| What is Aflotixin? | show 🗑
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| show | fundus at the top, body, and pylorus at the bottom
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| How much food can the stomach hold? | show 🗑
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| show | men
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| show | over 65
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| show | H. pylori bacteria, processed foods, alcohol, smoking, previous stomach surgeries, EBV, polyps, pernicious anemia, family hx
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| show | adenocarcinoma (90-95%)
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| What are other histopathology types that can occur in the stomach? | show 🗑
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| show | persistent indigestion/heartburn
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| show | diagnosis
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| The pancreas functions as what 2 glands? | show 🗑
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| What does the endocrine gland produce? | show 🗑
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| What does the exocrine gland produce? | show 🗑
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| show | advanced
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| A 5 year prognosis is around a _______-________%. | show 🗑
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| show | it is bc the general age of being diagnosed is 70+ and are normally in poor health and cannot tolerate treatment
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| show | men
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| What are some etiological factors of pancreatic cancer? | show 🗑
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| What is Lynch syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | adenocarcinoma
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| The symptoms for pancreatic cancer depends on what? | show 🗑
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| If the pancreatic tumor is on the head of the pancreas, what kind of symptom would occur in 80-90% of cases? | show 🗑
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| show | causes pain
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| What surgery would be performed for pancreatic cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | removal of the head of pancreas, duodenum, bile ducts, gall bladder, and any involved tissues
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| Other than the whipple procedure, what treatment would be done for pancreatic cancer? | show 🗑
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| What is the largest gland of the body? | show 🗑
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| show | exocrine; bile
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| show | poor prognosis
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| show | men
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| What are some etiological factors of liver cancer? | show 🗑
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| What is the histopathology of liver cancer if it is a primary tumor? | show 🗑
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| show | liver mets
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| show | secondary
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| show | -surgery
-chemo
-embolization
-radiofrequency
-rad therapy
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| What does the gallbladder store and release? | show 🗑
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| T or F. Gallbladder cancer is rare and carries a poor prognosis. | show 🗑
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| Is gallbladder cancer more common in men or women? | show 🗑
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| What is the average age of diagnosis of gallbladder cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | gallstones, porcelain gallbladder, obesity, smoking, choledochal cysts, polyps, and family hx
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| show | cholangiocarcinoma
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| What are the most common symptoms of gallbladder cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | surgery and chemo
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| Villus (villi) contain a rich network of _____________. | show 🗑
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| What do the capillaries in the villi do? | show 🗑
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| show | in plica (folds)
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| show | bc this increases the surface area and make it well suited for the absorption of water and nutrients
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| What does each villi contain? | show 🗑
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| What are lacteals in the villi? | show 🗑
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| show | crypts of Lieberkuhn (or paneth cells)
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| What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? | show 🗑
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| What gland is found in the duodenum and what does it do? | show 🗑
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| What is the jejunum responsible for? | show 🗑
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| show | absorption of fat and soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K
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| show | 15-20 feet
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| show | gut associated lymphatic tissues (GALT) located in the small intestine and prominent ileum
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| show | men
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| What age range is typically affected by small intestine cancer? | show 🗑
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| What are some etiological factors of small intestine cancer? | show 🗑
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| What are the 4 histopathology types of small intestine cancer? | show 🗑
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| Symptoms associated with small intestine cancer. | show 🗑
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| show | surgery and chemo
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| show | limited by dose and small bowel can't be immobilized for reproducibility
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| show | colo-rectal disease
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| show | reclaim water
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| show | by screening via colonoscopy starting at age 45
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| At what age is colo-rectal disease seen in people? | show 🗑
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| show | due to change in lifestyle (poor diet and lack of exercise)
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| What are some etiological factors of colo-rectal disease? | show 🗑
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| What are the 4 histopathology types of colorectal disease? | show 🗑
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| show | surgery
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| What is the treatment option for late stage (IV) colorectal disease? | show 🗑
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| At what point in the anus do we see a change in tissue and cell type? | show 🗑
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| Who is more affected by anal cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | HPV, HIV, anal warts, anal sex, and smoking
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| show | squamous cell carcinoma (90%)
others: adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanomas, GISTs
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| What are some benign things seen in the anus? | show 🗑
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| What are the symptoms associated with anal cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | -surgery, rad therapy, and chemo
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| show | stomach and pancreas
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| show | stomach and colon
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| show | esophagus, stomach and colon
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| show | stomach, gallbladder, and colon
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| show | stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and colon
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| Where in the GI system would Hep B and C cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | pancreas, small intestine and colon
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| show | gallbladder, liver, and colon
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| Where in the GI system would celiac disease cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| Where in the GI system would Crohn's disease cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, and colon
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| Where in the GI system would HPV cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | **linked to all
esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, small intestine, colon, and anus
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| show | because you can swallow the carcinogens from smoking and this will stay in the GI tract until it passes through
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| show | 2300
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| TD 5/5 for bladder | show 🗑
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| TD 5/5 for spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | 4000
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| show | 5500
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| TD 5/5 for stomach | show 🗑
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| TD 5/5 for small intestine | show 🗑
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| show | 4500
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| TD 5/5 for rectum | show 🗑
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| show | 3000
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| CT # for air | show 🗑
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| CT # for bone | show 🗑
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| CT # for water | show 🗑
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| CT # for fat | show 🗑
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