Digestive System
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| Why is it important to know the mucosal layers of the digestive system? | show 🗑
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| show | mucosa
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| show | insides of organs and cavities
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| What portions is the mucosa divided into? | show 🗑
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| What does the thickness of the mucosa depend on? | show 🗑
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| What does the epithelial layer in the mucosa do? | show 🗑
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| What is found in the lamina propria layer of the mucosa? | show 🗑
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| What is found in the muscularis layer of the mucosa and what does it do? | show 🗑
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| show | -functions in the body's immune system
-provides a barrier against foreign particles
-protects against harmful agents
-absorbs during digestion
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| How does the mucosa provide a barrier against foreign particles? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | magic mouthwash
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| show | numbing agent (e.g. lidocaine), coating agent (to stick to membrane), benadryl (to reduce inflammation and redness), antibiotic (in case of infection)
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| show | submucosa
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| What does the submucosa contain? | show 🗑
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| What does the connective tissue in the submucosa help the gut do? | show 🗑
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| show | muscularis
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| show | movement (peristalsis)
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| show | serosa
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| What is the serosa composed of? | show 🗑
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| What are the functions of the serosa? | show 🗑
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| show | pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal
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| The loops of the digestive tract are anchored to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity by a double fold of the peritoneal tissue called the ________________. | show 🗑
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| show | No
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| show | adventitia
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| show | outer layer of fibrous connective tissue that lines an organ
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| The esophagus is divided into what 3 portions? | show 🗑
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| show | squamous cell
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| show | adenocarcinoma
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| show | adenocarcinoma
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| Is esophagus cancer more common in men or women? | show 🗑
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| What are some etiological factors of esophageal cancer? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | surgery if possible, radiation combined with chemo
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| Why might an esophageal tumor be considered unresectable? | show 🗑
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| show | since there is not that lining that would hold the tumor in place for a period of time, it is possible for the cancer to cause skip lesions
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| show | mold or fungus that is found on foods that grow in the ground; associated with tumors of the digestive system
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| show | fundus at the top, body, and pylorus at the bottom
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| show | 3 pints
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| show | men
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| What age range does stomach cancer most commonly affect? | show 🗑
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| What are some etiological factors of stomach cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | adenocarcinoma (90-95%)
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| show | sarcomas (GIST -- gastrointestinal stromal tumors) or lymphomas (MALT -- mucosal associated lymphatic tissues)
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| What is the most common symptom of stomach cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | diagnosis
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| The pancreas functions as what 2 glands? | show 🗑
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| What does the endocrine gland produce? | show 🗑
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| What does the exocrine gland produce? | show 🗑
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| Tumors of the pancreas are often _________________ when diagnosed. | show 🗑
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| show | 5-20%
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| show | it is bc the general age of being diagnosed is 70+ and are normally in poor health and cannot tolerate treatment
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| Is pancreatic cancer more common in men or women? | show 🗑
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| show | family hx, chronic pancreatitis, coffee, alcohol, smoking, H. pylori, Hep B, and Lynch syndrome
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| show | inherited syndrome that increases the risk of malignancies
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| show | adenocarcinoma
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| The symptoms for pancreatic cancer depends on what? | show 🗑
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| show | jaundice
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| If the pancreatic tumor is on the tail of the pancreas, what kind of symptom would occur in 10-20% of cases? | show 🗑
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| What surgery would be performed for pancreatic cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | removal of the head of pancreas, duodenum, bile ducts, gall bladder, and any involved tissues
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| show | chemotherapy 5-FU and gemcitabine (may be combined w/ rad therapy)
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| What is the largest gland of the body? | show 🗑
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| The liver is an _______________ gland that secretes __________. | show 🗑
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| show | poor prognosis
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| show | men
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| show | Hep B and C, cirrhosis, alcohol, smoking, and obesity
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| show | hepatocellular carcinoma
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| What is the histopathology of liver cancer if it is a secondary tumor? | show 🗑
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| Is a primary or secondary tumor more likely in the US? | show 🗑
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| show | -surgery
-chemo
-embolization
-radiofrequency
-rad therapy
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| show | bile which helps to dissolve fat
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| T or F. Gallbladder cancer is rare and carries a poor prognosis. | show 🗑
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| show | women
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| What is the average age of diagnosis of gallbladder cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | gallstones, porcelain gallbladder, obesity, smoking, choledochal cysts, polyps, and family hx
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| show | cholangiocarcinoma
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| What are the most common symptoms of gallbladder cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | surgery and chemo
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| show | capillaries
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| show | absorb glucose and amino acids
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| How are villus arranged? | show 🗑
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| show | bc this increases the surface area and make it well suited for the absorption of water and nutrients
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| show | micro-villi that further increase the surface area for absorption
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| What are lacteals in the villi? | show 🗑
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| show | crypts of Lieberkuhn (or paneth cells)
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| What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? | show 🗑
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| What gland is found in the duodenum and what does it do? | show 🗑
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| show | digestion
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| show | absorption of fat and soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K
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| show | 15-20 feet
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| show | gut associated lymphatic tissues (GALT) located in the small intestine and prominent ileum
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| show | men
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| What age range is typically affected by small intestine cancer? | show 🗑
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| What are some etiological factors of small intestine cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | adenocarcinomas, carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, sarcomas (GIST)
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| show | pain, nausea/vomiting
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| What are the treatment options for small intestine? | show 🗑
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| Why would rad therapy not be an option for small intestine cancer? | show 🗑
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| What is cancer of the large intestine/colon often referred to as? | show 🗑
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| show | reclaim water
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| How is colo-rectal disease preventable? | show 🗑
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| show | over 50
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| Why is colo-rectal disease starting to be seen in people younger than 50? | show 🗑
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| show | polyps, obesity, processed food, poor diets, family hx, Lynch syndrome, Chroh's disease, smoking, and alcohol
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| What are the 4 histopathology types of colorectal disease? | show 🗑
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| What is the treatment option for early stage (I - III) colorectal disease? | show 🗑
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| What is the treatment option for late stage (IV) colorectal disease? | show 🗑
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| show | dentate line
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| Who is more affected by anal cancer? | show 🗑
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| What are some etiological factors of anal cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | squamous cell carcinoma (90%)
others: adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanomas, GISTs
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| show | -polyps
-skin tags
-warts
-lipomas
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| What are the symptoms associated with anal cancer? | show 🗑
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| What are the treatment options for anal cancer? | show 🗑
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| Where in the GI systema would H. pylori cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | stomach and colon
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| Where in the GI system would processed (salted, smoked, preserved) foods cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| Where in the GI system would polyps cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and colon
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| show | pancreas and liver
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| Where in the GI system would Lynch syndrome cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| Where in the GI system would obesity cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| Where in the GI system would celiac disease cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | small intestine and colon
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| show | esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, and colon
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| Where in the GI system would HPV cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| Where in the GI system would smoking cause cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | because you can swallow the carcinogens from smoking and this will stay in the GI tract until it passes through
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| show | 2300
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| show | 6500
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| show | 4500
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| show | 4000
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| show | 5500
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| show | 5000
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| show | 4000
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| TD 5/5 for colon | show 🗑
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| show | 6000
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| show | 3000
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| CT # for air | show 🗑
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| show | 1000
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| CT # for water | show 🗑
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| CT # for fat | show 🗑
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