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Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show ACOUSTIC BOUNDARIES  
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weakening of the sound as it propagates through a medium   show
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show ATTENUATION  
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unit of attenuation   show
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Factors affecting attenuation   show
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show Attenuation, echoes  
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______ frequencies are more attenuated than _____ frequencies.   show
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show LOWER, HIGHER  
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Where the molecules of the tissue are densely packed, attenuation will be much g____ than in l____ densely packed tissue   show
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show INCREASES  
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show ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT  
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show dB/cm  
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If the attenuation coefficient increases, attenuation _____.   show
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show 0.5 dB)cm.  
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show SOFT TISSUE  
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show ABSORPTION  
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The rate of absorption is directly ________ to the frequency. Higher frequency results in increased ultrasound absorption.   show
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two large structures of significantly different acoustic impedance form an interface, the interface becomes a reflector and some of the wave energy is reflected back to the transducer   show
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show INCIDENT ENERGY AND ECHO  
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the sound that hits an acoustic interface   show
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reflected beam   show
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show ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE MISMATCH  
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The "values of Z for the soft tissues" are quite similar to one another. We conclude that reflections at boundaries between soft tissue will give rise generally s__ e__.   show
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The "Z value for bone" is several times higher than the soft tissue average.We conclude that reflection from gas/soft tissue interface gives rise to a l___e___.   show
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show VERY LARGE ECHOES  
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ANOTHER FACTOR THAT AFFECTS THE STRENGTH OF THE REFLECTION IS THE SIZE OF THE REFLECTOR. Reflectors can either be ___ or ____.   show
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show SPECULAR REFLECTOR  
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- reflecting interface is irregular in shape and its dimensions are smaller than the diameter of the ultrasound beam. - Incident beam is reflected in many different directions.   show
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show NORMAL INCIDENCE  
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Denotes a direction of travel of the incident ultrasound that is not perpendicular to the boundary between two media   show
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- when an ultrasound waves strikes a boundary or interface between 2 small structures and the wave is scattered in different directions - responsible for providing the internal texture of organs in the image   show
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when the scatter in equal in all direction   show
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- change in direction of a sound beam as it enters the medium. - Transmission with a bend   show
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show SNELL'S LAW  
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show OBLIQUE INCIDENCE AND DIFF. PROPAGRATION SPEED ON EITHER SIDE OF THE BOUNDARY  
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As a beam of ultrasound travels through it will diverge. This divergence will result in the same power spread over larger area. The intensity of the beam will therefore be reduced   show
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show TRANSDUCER  
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show PHYSICAL HOUSING , ELECTRODES, PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENTS BACKING MATERIAL , IMPENANCE MATCHING LAYER  
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show PHYSICAL HOUSING  
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- "Grounded electrode - " Protects patients from electric shock.   show
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- "Live Electrode - " Abuts against a thick backing block.   show
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- " transducer element" - most important component - Approx. 6-19 mm in diameter and 0.2-2 mm in thickness - Crystalline materials - dipolar molecules   show
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naturally occurring material with piezoelectric properties   show
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show LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE(PZT)  
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show To press and ember  
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- Was described 1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curies - some materials produced a voltage when deformed by an applied pressure.   show
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Eliminate the vibrations from the "back" face and to control the length of vibrations from the face of the crystals.   show
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show MATCHING LAYER  
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Area through which the sound energy emitted from the transducer travels   show
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2 regions of Ultrasound beam   show
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show NEAR FIELD(FRESNEL ZONE)  
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show FAR FIELD(FRAUNHOFER ZONE)  
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show FOCUS OR FOCAL POINT  
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energy from the transducer that radiates at various amgles from the transducer face   show
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arrangement of crystals within the transducer   show
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types of electronic array transducer   show
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show FOOTPRINT  
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width of the image that is seen on the screen   show
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show LINEAR ARRAY  
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show LINEAR ARRAY  
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- similar to the linear areay but the transducer face is formed curve(convex) - "sector arrays"   show
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show CURVILINEAR ARRAY TRANSDUCERS  
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  show
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transducer designed to enter the body via the vagina, rectum, esophagus or blood vessel(catheter-mounted type)   show
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1. ultrasound transducers should not be sterilized   show
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show CURIE POINT  
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