Biology Week 8 Cellular Transport
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| facilitated diffusion | passive transport of a substance through a membrane with the help of transport proteins
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| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area with a lower concentration
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| concentration gradient | the difference in the concentrations of the molecules on either side of a membrane
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| equilibrium | equal concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane
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| passive transport | the movement of substances across a plasma membrane that does not require energy because the substance is moving from a higher to lower concentration
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| transport protein | protein in a cell membrane that helps molecules pass through the membrane by either forming a channel for the molecules to pass through, or carrying the molecules through the membrane
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| active transport | movement of substances across a plasma membrane that requires energy because the substance is moving against the concentration gradient, from a lower to higher concentration
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| ion channels | membrane-spanning protein that allows transport of a specific ion through the cell membrane
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| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| solute | a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
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| solvent | a substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
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| solution | the mixture of a solute in a solvent
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| hypertonic | the solution with the higher solute concentration when comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration
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| hypotonic | the solution with the lower solute concentration when comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration
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| isotonic | solutions of equal solute concentration
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| selectively permeable | the ability to allow only certain molecules or ions to cross the plasma membrane; semipermeable
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| plasmolysis | process in which the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall as a cell shrivels when placed in a hypertonic solution
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| protein pump | a protein embedded in a cell membrane that helps move substances across the membrane
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