AP lang
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| Anadiplosis | The last word of the clause begins the next clause, creating a connection of ideas important to the author's purpose in some way.
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| Anaphora | The deliberate repetition of a word of phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose, sentences, clauses, or paragraphs.
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| Anastrophe | Inversion of the usual order of words.
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| Antithesis | An observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author's claim.
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| Apostrophe (NOT the punctuation mark!) | prayer-like , this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other
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| Asyndeton | The deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses.
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| Chiasmus | A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases
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| Deductive Reasoning | A logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.
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| Ellipsis (not the punctuation mark!) | Where a thought is left incomplete or unfinished
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| Epanalepsis | This figure repeats the opening word or phrase at the end of the sentence to emphasize a statement or idea, but is not an ABBA reversal
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| Epistrophe | The ending of a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words.
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| Ethos | One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation (credibility/ehtical)
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| Inductive reasoning | A logical argument that requires the use of examples, most like science, you get example after example
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| Juxtaposition | Making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite
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| Logos | An appeal to reason, when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument (logic/statistics)
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| Metonymy | A minor figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.
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| Paradox | A major figure speech in rhetorical analysis that seeks to create a mental discontinuity, which then forces the reader to pause and seek clarity.
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| Parentheticals (NOT the punctuation mark) | Phrases, sentences, and words inside parentheses
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| Pathos | An appeal to emotion, typically pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried
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| Polysyndeton | The use of consecutive coordinating conjunctions even when they are not needed.
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| Rhetorical shift | This occurs when the author of an essay significantly alters his or her diction, syntax, or both
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| Syllogism | In its basic form, this is a three part argument construction in which two premises lead to truth.
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| Synecdoche | A minor figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, sometimes shows up in multiple choice questions
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| Synthesis | To unite or synthesize a variety of sources to achieve a common end
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| Tricolon | A sentence with three equally distinct and equally long parts
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| Zeugma | A minor device in which two or more elements in a sentence are tied together by the same verb or noun.
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