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AP lang
Question | Answer |
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Anadiplosis | The last word of the clause begins the next clause, creating a connection of ideas important to the author's purpose in some way. |
Anaphora | The deliberate repetition of a word of phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose, sentences, clauses, or paragraphs. |
Anastrophe | Inversion of the usual order of words. |
Antithesis | An observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author's claim. |
Apostrophe (NOT the punctuation mark!) | prayer-like , this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other |
Asyndeton | The deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses. |
Chiasmus | A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases |
Deductive Reasoning | A logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. |
Ellipsis (not the punctuation mark!) | Where a thought is left incomplete or unfinished |
Epanalepsis | This figure repeats the opening word or phrase at the end of the sentence to emphasize a statement or idea, but is not an ABBA reversal |
Epistrophe | The ending of a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words. |
Ethos | One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation (credibility/ehtical) |
Inductive reasoning | A logical argument that requires the use of examples, most like science, you get example after example |
Juxtaposition | Making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite |
Logos | An appeal to reason, when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument (logic/statistics) |
Metonymy | A minor figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted for another with which it is closely associated. |
Paradox | A major figure speech in rhetorical analysis that seeks to create a mental discontinuity, which then forces the reader to pause and seek clarity. |
Parentheticals (NOT the punctuation mark) | Phrases, sentences, and words inside parentheses |
Pathos | An appeal to emotion, typically pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried |
Polysyndeton | The use of consecutive coordinating conjunctions even when they are not needed. |
Rhetorical shift | This occurs when the author of an essay significantly alters his or her diction, syntax, or both |
Syllogism | In its basic form, this is a three part argument construction in which two premises lead to truth. |
Synecdoche | A minor figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, sometimes shows up in multiple choice questions |
Synthesis | To unite or synthesize a variety of sources to achieve a common end |
Tricolon | A sentence with three equally distinct and equally long parts |
Zeugma | A minor device in which two or more elements in a sentence are tied together by the same verb or noun. |