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Erosion, Transportation and Deposition by Rivers, the Sea and Glaciers- Keywords

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
show Waterfall  
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show When a river flows over a vertical slope  
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show An area where hard rock lies on top of soft rock  
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show Soft rock  
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show Through the fluvial erosional process of hydraulic action  
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Hydraulic action   show
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What is formed?   show
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show Where the hard rock and soft rock met  
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show A waterfall  
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show Plunge pool  
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Where?   show
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Due to?   show
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Abrasion   show
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What happens to the rock above the plunge pool?   show
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show The rock eventually collapses into the plunge pool  
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Due to?   show
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show It repeats  
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show Gradually erodes its way upstream  
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Example?   show
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Fluvial Deposition   show
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Levee   show
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Alluvium   show
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show The old-stage river  
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1st time   show
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show Load is dropped onto the river bed  
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What does this do?   show
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show Flood  
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show Water flows out more easily over the top of the channel and onto the surrounding land  
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What happens the river on land?   show
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show The heavier, coarser material  
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show The finer material  
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Where?   show
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3rd time   show
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show The river builds up a bank on either side  
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show A levee  
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show Lower course of River Moy, Co. Mayo  
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Sea Erosion   show
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What kind of waves?   show
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show Weaknesses and cracks in the cliff  
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show Hydraulic action, abrasion and compressed air  
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Hydraulic action   show
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Abrasion   show
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show Air becomes trapped by incoming waves Puts pressure on the rock When water retreats, air expands back out and pressure drops suddenly Repeated, causing rock to weaken and shatter  
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show A cave forms  
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What happens the cave?   show
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Through what?   show
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show The cave has been widened all the way through the headland  
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What is this called?   show
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What happens then?   show
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show A sea stack  
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What happens the sea stack?   show
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show A sea stump  
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show The Old Head of Kinsale, Co. Cork  
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Sea transportation   show
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show Sand, silt, mud and pebbles  
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What is this known as?   show
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show From the side  
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show Prevailing wind  
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show The usual wind in an area  
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What is Ireland's prevailing wind?   show
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show Swash  
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What force carries the waves back down the shore   show
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show A right angle  
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show The process is repeated  
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In what pattern?   show
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show Beach  
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Beach   show
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show Longshore drift (swash and backwash movements of the waves)  
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What kind of waves?   show
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What happens to waves as they break?   show
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What happens when this occurs?   show
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show Swash  
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What does the swash do then?   show
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Why is the backwash unable to carry all the material back out?   show
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show Heavier, coarser material  
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What is carried closer to the shoreline by backwash?   show
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show The material builds up  
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show A beach  
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show During times of storms  
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show Carry material further up the shoreline  
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show The high-tide mark  
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show It is deposited  
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show A storm beach  
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show Tramore, Co. Waterford  
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Erosion by moving ice   show
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What occurs when ice goes over the ground?   show
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show Heat  
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show The ice at the bottom of the glacier is melted  
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show Meltwater  
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show Into cracks in the rock  
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show It freezes when the temperature drops below 0 Degrees Celsius, sticking to the rock  
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show The glacier plucks chunks of rock out of the ground, carrying them along with it at the base of the glacier  
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show They become embedded in the base of the glacier  
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show They abrade the surface over which they pass  
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What does it mean to abrade?   show
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show Glaciated valley/U-shaped valley  
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Starts off as what?   show
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show Originally a V-shaped valley that became straightened and deepened by a glacier filling it, making it look more u-shaped  
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show Plucking and abrasion  
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show A glaciated valley  
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What changes are there to the V-shaped valley?   show
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show Glendalough, Co. Wicklow  
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Glacial Transport   show
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show Supraglacial  
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show From falling down the mountain  
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show Englacial  
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show Fallen down cracks and into the ice  
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show Subglacial  
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What happens to the regolith?   show
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show Drumlin  
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show Oval-shaped hills made of deposited boulder clay  
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Boulder clay   show
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How do glaciers deposit boulder clay   show
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show It retreats and then advances again  
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show It shapes and smooths it into rounded-shaped hills  
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From where the ice advanced?   show
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show Gentle slope  
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show Swarm  
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Example   show
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Feature of Glacial Meltwater   show
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When were they formed?   show
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What happened at this point of time?   show
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What happened to the glaciers?   show
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What flowed out from the melting glaciers?   show
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show It deposited material across the land surface  
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What was dropped first?   show
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What was dropped later?   show
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Definition   show
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show In tunnels beneath the ice  
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What happens when it leaves an ice tunnel?   show
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What is deposited?   show
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Where?   show
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What happens to the ice?   show
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What is deposited?   show
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show In the form of a long, narrow ridge of sand and gravel  
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show Trim Esker, Co. Meath  
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