Chapter 17 Assignment
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Indicate which of the following root words means "stomach." decidu- chym- hepat- gastr- aliment- | show 🗑
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| show | Digestion
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| show | Deepest
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
Superficial
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| show | Mixing and Propelling
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| The alimentary canal of the digestive system is controlled by which nervous system? parasympathetic nervous system only sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems somatic nervous system only sympathetic nervous system only | show 🗑
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| The prefix "gastr-" means | show 🗑
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| Which part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration? stomach small intestine mouth pancreas | show 🗑
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| show | mechanical; chemical
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| The ______ are highly mobile structures that surround the mouth opening. They contain skeletal muscles and sensory receptors useful in judging the temperature and texture of foods. lips uvula cheeks | show 🗑
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| The alimentary canal consists of four layers that are, beginning with the innermost tissues, the _________, submucosa, muscularis externa, and ___________. | show 🗑
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| The motor functions of the alimentary canal are _______ movements that combine food with digestive fluids and ____________ movements that move materials along the digestive tract. | show 🗑
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| Which nervous systems innervate the alimentary tract of the digestive system? somatic nervous system parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system central nervous system | show 🗑
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| The ______ is a thick, muscular organ that occupies the floor of the mouth and nearly fills the oral cavity when the mouth is closed. tongue papilla lingual tonsil lingual frenulum | show 🗑
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| show | ingestion
mastication
chemical digestion
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| The structures forming the lateral walls of the mouth, consisting of outer layers of skin, pads of subcutaneous fat, muscles associated with expression and chewing, and inner linings of moist, stratified squamous epithelium, are the ________________. | show 🗑
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| show | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
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| Why are teeth not considered to be part of the skeletal system? Teeth contain proteins not found in bones. Teeth are located far from any bony structures. Teeth are not as hard as bones. Teeth have a different structure than bones. | show 🗑
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| Which are functions of saliva? digests protein dissolves molecules so they can be tasted inhibits the chemical digestion of starch aids in swallowing cleanses mouth and teeth | show 🗑
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| The large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity proper is called the ______________. | show 🗑
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| show | Amylase; mucus
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| show | Palate
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| show | Teeth
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| When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the _____________ before reaching the esophagus. | show 🗑
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| show | saliva
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| The three parts of the pharynx are the ________, ________, and the __________. | show 🗑
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| show | oropharynx; voluntary
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| A salivary gland has two types of cells: ______ cells that produce a watery fluid containing salivary amylase to digest starch and glycogen, and ______ cells that produce a thicker secretion that binds food particles together and lubricates the bolus for swallowing. mucous; serous serous; mucous | show 🗑
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| show | in the cheek, just anterior to the ear
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| The ___________ is a straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach. | show 🗑
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| show | posterior to the oral cavity
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| show | in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity
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| Describe the location of the oropharynx | show 🗑
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| Describe the location of the laryngopharynx | show 🗑
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| show | It communicates with the nasal cavity and provides a passageway for air during breathing. It is connected to the middle ears, through the auditory tubes.
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| The first stage of swallowing is a(n) ________ action involving the tongue moving the bolus into the ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | body or dilated body
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| Serous cells in salivary glands secrete a fluid containing an enzyme called salivary _________ which aids in digestion of starch and glycogen. Mucous cells secrete a thick liquid called ________, which lubricates the food during swallowing. | show 🗑
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| show | gastric
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| The J-shaped, 25- to 30-centimeter long, pouchlike organ located inferior to the diaphragm in the upper-left portion of the abdominal cavity is the __________. | show 🗑
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| Gastric secretion is controlled by the brain during the ______ phase, by the stomach in the ______ phase, and by the small intestine during the ______ phase. cephalic; intestinal; gastric gastric; cephalic; intestinal intestinal; gastric; cephalic; cephalic; gastric; intestinal | show 🗑
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| List the substances absorbed from the stomach. Select all that apply protein alcohol lipid-soluble drugs small volumes of water | show 🗑
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| What is the body of the stomach? a region just inside the opening to the esophagus the largest portion of the stomach a region near the pyloric sphincter a dome-shaped superior region | show 🗑
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| Once food is mixed with gastric juice, it is called ____________. | show 🗑
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| In the lining of the stomach are small openings called ______ that lead into tubular structures called ______. gastric pits; pyloric canals gastric pits; gastric glands pyloric canal; gastric glands gastric glands; gastric pits | show 🗑
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| show | Vomiting
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| Secretions essential to stomach function are regulated in three phases: the _______ phase, the ________ phase, and the _________ phase. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | Pancreas
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| The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | closely associated with small intestine
posterior to the parietal peritoneum
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| show | amylase
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| show | vomiting
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| show | Endocrine
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| show | Exocrine
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| The right and left hepatic ducts converge to form the ___________ hepatic duct. | show 🗑
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| A spongy retroperitoneal organ located posterior to the stomach and partially attached to the small intestines is the _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | lower; raise
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| show | carbohydrates; disaccharides
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| Hepatic cells produce a yellowish-green liquid called __________ that assists with lipid digestion. | show 🗑
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| show | bicarbonate ions
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| The liver is located mainly in the ______ quadrant of the abdominal cavity just ______ to the diaphragm. upper left; inferior upper right; superior upper right; inferior upper left; superior | show 🗑
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| show | right and left hepatic ducts
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| show | to emulsify fats
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| Which are functions of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates? breaks down glycogen to glucose converts noncarbohydrates to glucose secretes insulin and glucagon polymerizes glucose to glycogen | show 🗑
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| show | small intestine
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| show | bile
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| show | Villi
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| show | Mucus
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| What is the function of bile salts? increases surface area of fatty substances, allowing better access for lipase enzymes mixes fatty substances with proteins for better absorption blocks absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K | show 🗑
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| The small intestine is a tubular organ that connects which two organs in the digestive tract? esophagus and stomach pancreas and large intestine liver and pancreas stomach and large intestine | show 🗑
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| show | parasympathetic
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| show | 1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
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| What is the main function of the small intestine? to house bacteria water secretion nutrient absorption | show 🗑
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| A chylomicron is a ________ droplet surrounded by _______. protein; lipids lipid; bile salts protein; bile salts lipid; proteins | show 🗑
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| The mucus-secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called ______ cells. goblet enterocyte absorptive | show 🗑
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| The movement of the small intestine that mixes its contents is called , while the movement that propels its contents toward the large intestine is called ________. | show 🗑
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| show | To emulsify fats
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| show | right; right; left
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| What stimulates goblet cells and intestinal glands to secrete their products? Secretion of pancreatic juice provides chemical stimulation. Chyme provides both mechanical and chemical stimulation. Bile provides mechanical stimulation. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Cecum
2. Colon
3. Rectum
4. Anal canal
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| Some of the unique aspects of the wall of the large intestine are that it ______ villi, it ______ teniae coli, and it ______ haustra. lacks; has; has lacks; lacks; lacks has; lacks; lacks has; has; has has; lacks; has | show 🗑
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| A(n) ____________ is a particle formed in the intestinal cells consisting of fat (mostly triglycerides) encased in protein. This particle allows absorption and transport of digestive fats in the body. | show 🗑
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| show | mucus
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| show | mixes; propel
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| The digestive organ that is about 1.5 meters long and begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum is the ______. anal canal esophagus small intestine large intestine | show 🗑
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| show | Colon; rectum; anal canal
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| Identify the correct structural differences between the small intestine and the colon. Select all that apply The small intestine has haustra and the large intestine lacks haustra. The small intestine has two complete layers of muscle and the large intestine has one complete layer and one incomplete layer of muscle. The small intestine has absorptive cells and the large intestine lacks absorptive cells. The small intestine has villi and the large intestine does not. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| What are mass movements? Select all that apply Movements of the esophagus that force contents into the stomach. Movements that generally follow a meal as a result of the gastrocolic reflex initiated in the small intestine. Movements that can be caused by irritation of the intestinal mucosa. Slow and strong movements that force intestinal contents toward the rectum. Peristaltic waves of the large intestine that happen only two or three times each day. | show 🗑
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| The digestive organ that runs up the right side of the abdominal cavity, then across the top and down the left side before entering the pelvic cavity is the _________ __________ . | show 🗑
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| show | cecum, colon, rectum
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| What is normally found in feces? Select all that apply unabsorbed nutrients bile pigments bacteria mucus red blood cells | show 🗑
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| The ___________ of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teethgrinding, and eating acidic foods. | show 🗑
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| The large intestine's only significant secretion is ____________. | show 🗑
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| The strong and infrequent peristaltic movements in the large intestine that occur only two to three times each day are called ______. mass movements haustral churning segmentation defecation | show 🗑
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| The digestive organ that is about 1.5 meters long and begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum is the ______. small intestine anal canal large intestine esophagus | show 🗑
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| Of these components of feces, which is responsible for the color? electrolytes bile pigments sulfur and nitrogen mucus | show 🗑
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| Which part of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teeth grinding, and eating acidic foods? dentin enamel gingiva | show 🗑
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| The motor functions of the alimentary canal are __________ movements that combine food with digestive fluids and __________ movements that move materials along the digestive tract. | show 🗑
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| Why are teeth not considered to be part of the skeletal system? Multiple select question. Teeth contain proteins not found in bones. Teeth are located far from any bony structures. Teeth are not as hard as bones. Teeth have a different structure than bones. | show 🗑
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