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Indicate which of the following root words means "stomach."
decidu-
chym-
hepat-
gastr-
aliment-
decidu-
chym-
hepat-
gastr-
aliment-
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Question
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the cells can use is called ______.
digestion
lysis
absorption
metabolism
digestion
lysis
absorption
metabolism
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AP2
Chapter 17 Assignment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Indicate which of the following root words means "stomach." decidu- chym- hepat- gastr- aliment- | Gastr |
| The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the cells can use is called ______. digestion lysis absorption metabolism | Digestion |
| Place the layers of the wall of the digestive tract in order, starting with the innermost (deepest) layer at the top. | Deepest Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa Superficial |
| What are the two basic types of movement in the alimentary canal? contraction and relaxation forward and backward mixing and propelling | Mixing and Propelling |
| The alimentary canal of the digestive system is controlled by which nervous system? parasympathetic nervous system only sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems somatic nervous system only sympathetic nervous system only | sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
| The prefix "gastr-" means | Stomach |
| Which part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration? stomach small intestine mouth pancreas | Mouth |
| There are two main components to digestion, ______ digestion and ______ digestion. sympathetic; parasympathetic mechanical; chemical voluntary; involuntary | mechanical; chemical |
| The ______ are highly mobile structures that surround the mouth opening. They contain skeletal muscles and sensory receptors useful in judging the temperature and texture of foods. lips uvula cheeks | Lips |
| The alimentary canal consists of four layers that are, beginning with the innermost tissues, the _________, submucosa, muscularis externa, and ___________. | Mucosa; Serosa |
| The motor functions of the alimentary canal are _______ movements that combine food with digestive fluids and ____________ movements that move materials along the digestive tract. | Mixing; propelling |
| Which nervous systems innervate the alimentary tract of the digestive system? somatic nervous system parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system central nervous system | parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system |
| The ______ is a thick, muscular organ that occupies the floor of the mouth and nearly fills the oral cavity when the mouth is closed. tongue papilla lingual tonsil lingual frenulum | Tongue |
| Which are functions of the oral cavity?. emulsification ingestion mastication chemical digestion | ingestion mastication chemical digestion |
| The structures forming the lateral walls of the mouth, consisting of outer layers of skin, pads of subcutaneous fat, muscles associated with expression and chewing, and inner linings of moist, stratified squamous epithelium, are the ________________. | Cheeks |
| What is the correct order the layers of the wall of the digestive tract starting with the innermost layer? mucosa, serosa, submucosa, muscularis externa serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa |
| Why are teeth not considered to be part of the skeletal system? Teeth contain proteins not found in bones. Teeth are located far from any bony structures. Teeth are not as hard as bones. Teeth have a different structure than bones. | Teeth contain proteins not found in bones. Teeth have a different structure than bones. |
| Which are functions of saliva? digests protein dissolves molecules so they can be tasted inhibits the chemical digestion of starch aids in swallowing cleanses mouth and teeth | dissolves molecules so they can be tasted aids in swallowing cleanses mouth and teeth |
| The large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity proper is called the ______________. | tongue |
| Serous cells in salivary glands secrete a fluid containing an enzyme called salivary _______________ which aids in digestion of starch and glycogen. Mucous cells secrete a thick liquid called _____________, which lubricates the food during swallowing. | Amylase; mucus |
| The roof of the mouth, that has a hard and soft component, is called the ________. | Palate |
| The hardest structures in the mouth that are not part of the skeletal system are called _________. | Teeth |
| When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the _____________ before reaching the esophagus. | Pharynx, or oropharynx |
| The substance that functions to moisten the mouth, clean the teeth, inhibit bacterial growth, and aid in swallowing by moistening food is called ____________. | saliva |
| The three parts of the pharynx are the ________, ________, and the __________. | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| The first stage of swallowing involves the tongue moving the bolus into the ______. This process is a(n) ______ action. oropharynx; involuntary esophagus; voluntary esophagus; involuntary oropharynx; voluntary | oropharynx; voluntary |
| A salivary gland has two types of cells: ______ cells that produce a watery fluid containing salivary amylase to digest starch and glycogen, and ______ cells that produce a thicker secretion that binds food particles together and lubricates the bolus for swallowing. mucous; serous serous; mucous | serous; mucous |
| Where is the parotid gland located? on the floor of the mouth, inside the surface of the jaw in the mouth, inferior to tongue in the pharynx, just above the soft palate in the cheek, just anterior to the ear | in the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
| The ___________ is a straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach. | Esophagus |
| Where is the pharynx located? superior to the oral cavity posterior to the oral cavity in the respiratory tract, inferior to the larynx | posterior to the oral cavity |
| Where is the stomach located? in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity in the left lumbar abdominal region in the lower middle portion of the abdominal cavity near the pelvis in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity deep to the belly button | in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity |
| Describe the location of the oropharynx | Posterior to the soft palate, located in the back of the oral cavity. It is a passageway for food moving downward from the mouth and for air moving to and from the nasal cavity. |
| Describe the location of the laryngopharynx | The most inferior part of the pharynx, it is a passageway of food to the esophagus. |
| Describe the location of the nasopharynx | It communicates with the nasal cavity and provides a passageway for air during breathing. It is connected to the middle ears, through the auditory tubes. |
| The first stage of swallowing is a(n) ________ action involving the tongue moving the bolus into the ___________. | voluntary; oropharynx or pharynx |
| The largest segment of the stomach is the __________. | body or dilated body |
| Serous cells in salivary glands secrete a fluid containing an enzyme called salivary _________ which aids in digestion of starch and glycogen. Mucous cells secrete a thick liquid called ________, which lubricates the food during swallowing. | Amylase; mucus |
| Tubular glands that open into gastric pits of the fundus and body of the stomach are called ___________ glands. | gastric |
| The J-shaped, 25- to 30-centimeter long, pouchlike organ located inferior to the diaphragm in the upper-left portion of the abdominal cavity is the __________. | Stomach |
| Gastric secretion is controlled by the brain during the ______ phase, by the stomach in the ______ phase, and by the small intestine during the ______ phase. cephalic; intestinal; gastric gastric; cephalic; intestinal intestinal; gastric; cephalic; cephalic; gastric; intestinal | cephalic; gastric; intestinal |
| List the substances absorbed from the stomach. Select all that apply protein alcohol lipid-soluble drugs small volumes of water | alcohol lipid-soluble drugs small volumes of water |
| What is the body of the stomach? a region just inside the opening to the esophagus the largest portion of the stomach a region near the pyloric sphincter a dome-shaped superior region | the largest portion of the stomach |
| Once food is mixed with gastric juice, it is called ____________. | Chyme |
| In the lining of the stomach are small openings called ______ that lead into tubular structures called ______. gastric pits; pyloric canals gastric pits; gastric glands pyloric canal; gastric glands gastric glands; gastric pits | gastric pits; gastric glands |
| The forceful ejection of stomach and intestinal contents from the mouth is called ______. micturition vomiting spitting deglutition | Vomiting |
| Secretions essential to stomach function are regulated in three phases: the _______ phase, the ________ phase, and the _________ phase. | Cephalic, gastric, intestinal |
| Most absorption of digestive products occurs in the stomach. True False | False |
| The insulin-secreting accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the __________. | Pancreas |
| The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as ___________. | chyme |
| Where is the pancreas located? Select all that apply closely associated with small intestine posterior to the parietal peritoneum superior to the diaphragm in the pelvic cavity | closely associated with small intestine posterior to the parietal peritoneum |
| The pancreatic enzyme that digests starch is called pancreatic ____________. | amylase |
| When the stomach lining is irritated significantly, sensory signals are sent to the brainstem, and motor signals return to various structures to cause ______. defecation vomiting digestion ulcers | vomiting |
| What type of pancreatic secretion is Insulin? Endocrine Exocrine | Endocrine |
| What type of pancreatic secretion is pancreatic juice? Endocrine Exocrine | Exocrine |
| The right and left hepatic ducts converge to form the ___________ hepatic duct. | Common |
| A spongy retroperitoneal organ located posterior to the stomach and partially attached to the small intestines is the _____________. | Pancreas |
| When responding to hormones such as insulin and glucagon, liver cells ______ blood glucose levels by polymerizing glucose to glycogen, and ______ blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen to glucose or by converting noncarbohydrates into glucose. lower; raise raise; lower | lower; raise |
| Pancreatic amylase breaks ______ down into ______. lipids; fatty acids nucleic acids; nucleotides carbohydrates; disaccharides | carbohydrates; disaccharides |
| Hepatic cells produce a yellowish-green liquid called __________ that assists with lipid digestion. | Bile |
| The hormone secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete a solution high in ______. hydrochloric acid digestive enzymes mucus bicarbonate ions | bicarbonate ions |
| The liver is located mainly in the ______ quadrant of the abdominal cavity just ______ to the diaphragm. upper left; inferior upper right; superior upper right; inferior upper left; superior | upper right; inferior |
| The common hepatic duct is formed by the convergence of which two structures? hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct right and left hepatic ducts cystic duct and bile duct | right and left hepatic ducts |
| Describe the primary function of bile salts. They serve ______. as an excretory product of protein digestion to emulsify fats to promote the production of vitamin K to increase absorption of vitamin D | to emulsify fats |
| Which are functions of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates? breaks down glycogen to glucose converts noncarbohydrates to glucose secretes insulin and glucagon polymerizes glucose to glycogen | breaks down glycogen to glucose converts noncarbohydrates to glucose polymerizes glucose to glycogen |
| Which is a tubular organ that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the beginning of the large intestine? colon small intestine | small intestine |
| The liquid that is created and secreted by the liver to help with lipid digestion is _____________. | bile |
| Small projections of the mucosa of the small intestine that increase the surface area of the intestinal lining are the intestinal _____________. | Villi |
| What do goblet cells secrete? intestinal juice water digestive enzymes mucus | Mucus |
| What is the function of bile salts? increases surface area of fatty substances, allowing better access for lipase enzymes mixes fatty substances with proteins for better absorption blocks absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K | increases surface area of fatty substances, allowing better access for lipase enzymes |
| The small intestine is a tubular organ that connects which two organs in the digestive tract? esophagus and stomach pancreas and large intestine liver and pancreas stomach and large intestine | Stomach and Large intestine |
| Distension of the intestinal wall stimulates ______ reflexes that trigger the release of small intestine secretions. parasympathetic sympathetic | parasympathetic |
| Place the segments of the small intestine in the order of which food travels, with the segment that first receives food at the top. Ileum Duodenum Jejunum | 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum |
| What is the main function of the small intestine? to house bacteria water secretion nutrient absorption | nutrient absorption |
| A chylomicron is a ________ droplet surrounded by _______. protein; lipids lipid; bile salts protein; bile salts lipid; proteins | lipid; proteins Reason: Recall chylomicrons are made to help lipids be transported in the blood (composed mostly of water). Lipids are not water-soluble. Thus lipids need to be coated with proteins. |
| The mucus-secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called ______ cells. goblet enterocyte absorptive | goblet |
| The movement of the small intestine that mixes its contents is called , while the movement that propels its contents toward the large intestine is called ________. | Segmentation; peristalsis |
| Describe the primary function of bile salts. They serve ______. to emulsify fats as an excretory product of protein digestion to increase absorption of vitamin D to promote the production of vitamin K | To emulsify fats |
| The large intestine begins in the lower ______ side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum. From there, the large intestine ascends on the ______ side, crosses obliquely to the ______, and descends into the pelvis. left; left; right left; right; left left; right; right right; right; left | right; right; left |
| What stimulates goblet cells and intestinal glands to secrete their products? Secretion of pancreatic juice provides chemical stimulation. Chyme provides both mechanical and chemical stimulation. Bile provides mechanical stimulation. | Chyme provides both mechanical and chemical stimulation. |
| Place the following structures in the correct order through which digested material would pass, with the first structure to receive material at the top. Anal canal Colon Cecum Rectum | 1. Cecum 2. Colon 3. Rectum 4. Anal canal |
| Some of the unique aspects of the wall of the large intestine are that it ______ villi, it ______ teniae coli, and it ______ haustra. lacks; has; has lacks; lacks; lacks has; lacks; lacks has; has; has has; lacks; has | lacks; has; has |
| A(n) ____________ is a particle formed in the intestinal cells consisting of fat (mostly triglycerides) encased in protein. This particle allows absorption and transport of digestive fats in the body. | chylomicron |
| What is secreted by the large intestine? hydrochloric acid digestive enzymes mucus | mucus |
| The movements of the small intestine include segmentation which ______ intestinal contents and peristaltic contractions which ______ intestinal contents. mixes; propel propels; mix | mixes; propel |
| The digestive organ that is about 1.5 meters long and begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum is the ______. anal canal esophagus small intestine large intestine | large intestine |
| In order of receiving digested material, the structures of the large intestine are the cecum, _______, ________, and __________ canal. | Colon; rectum; anal canal |
| Identify the correct structural differences between the small intestine and the colon. Select all that apply The small intestine has haustra and the large intestine lacks haustra. The small intestine has two complete layers of muscle and the large intestine has one complete layer and one incomplete layer of muscle. The small intestine has absorptive cells and the large intestine lacks absorptive cells. The small intestine has villi and the large intestine does not. | The small intestine has two complete layers of muscle and the large intestine has one complete layer and one incomplete layer of muscle. The small intestine has villi and the large intestine does not. |
| The large intestine has little or no digestive function. True False | True |
| What are mass movements? Select all that apply Movements of the esophagus that force contents into the stomach. Movements that generally follow a meal as a result of the gastrocolic reflex initiated in the small intestine. Movements that can be caused by irritation of the intestinal mucosa. Slow and strong movements that force intestinal contents toward the rectum. Peristaltic waves of the large intestine that happen only two or three times each day. | Movements that generally follow a meal as a result of the gastrocolic reflex initiated in the small intestine. Movements that can be caused by irritation of the intestinal mucosa. Slow and strong movements that force intestinal contents toward the rectum. Peristaltic waves of the large intestine that happen only two or three times each day. |
| The digestive organ that runs up the right side of the abdominal cavity, then across the top and down the left side before entering the pelvic cavity is the _________ __________ . | Large intestine |
| The large intestine consists of the ______, ______, ______, and the anal canal. head, body, tail cecum, colon, rectum duodenum, jejunum, ileum fundus, cardia, body | cecum, colon, rectum |
| What is normally found in feces? Select all that apply unabsorbed nutrients bile pigments bacteria mucus red blood cells | unabsorbed nutrients bile pigments bacteria mucus |
| The ___________ of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teethgrinding, and eating acidic foods. | enamel |
| The large intestine's only significant secretion is ____________. | mucus |
| The strong and infrequent peristaltic movements in the large intestine that occur only two to three times each day are called ______. mass movements haustral churning segmentation defecation | mass movements |
| The digestive organ that is about 1.5 meters long and begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum is the ______. small intestine anal canal large intestine esophagus | large intestine |
| Of these components of feces, which is responsible for the color? electrolytes bile pigments sulfur and nitrogen mucus | bile pigments |
| Which part of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teeth grinding, and eating acidic foods? dentin enamel gingiva | Enamel |
| The motor functions of the alimentary canal are __________ movements that combine food with digestive fluids and __________ movements that move materials along the digestive tract. | Field 1: mixing or segmentation Field 2: propelling or peristalsis |
| Why are teeth not considered to be part of the skeletal system? Multiple select question. Teeth contain proteins not found in bones. Teeth are located far from any bony structures. Teeth are not as hard as bones. Teeth have a different structure than bones. | Teeth contain proteins not found in bones. Teeth have a different structure than bones. |
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