Surgery UWORLD
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| What is the best diagnostic test for aortic dissection? | CT aortography
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| What are the clinical findings of Aortic dissection? | Abrupt-onset chest pain + mediastinal widening on CXR
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| What is a common complication of cardiac catheterization? | AV fistula formation
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| How is an AV fistula presented clinically? | Local pain and swell, and continuous bruit + palpable thrill over the fistula
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| Acute limb ischemia + viable limb + arterial pulses detected on doppler and no motor/sensory deficits. What is the NBSM? | CT angiography followed by urgent catheter-based or surgical revascularization.
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| What are movements that can ↑ ICP? | Bending over, bowel movements, Valsalva maneuver
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| How is CSF rhinorrhea presented? | Clear, unilateral rhinorrhea that ↑ at times of ↑↑ICP.
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| What is the MCC of CSF rhinorrhea? | Head trauma which can cause meningitis
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| Which skeletons are involved in acromegaly? | Axial and appendicular skeletons
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| What are some features of excessive GH? | Hyperplasia of articular chondrocytes and synovial hypertrophy, manifested by joint space widening
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| What are endocrine manifestation of excessive GH? | Galactorrhea, hypogonadism, DM, and hyperTG.
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| What hemangioblastomas are associated with vHL? | Retinal and cerebellar hemangioblastomas
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| Other than hemangioblastomas, what are other cancers associated with vHL syndrome? | Clear renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, endolymphatic sac tumors of the middle ear, and PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS.
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| What adrenal medulla carcinoma is associated with vHL syndrome? | Pheochromocytoma
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| What is a common complication of patient chronically treated with glucocorticoids? | Adrenal crisis
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| Management of Adrenal crisis | IV hydrocortisone or dexamethasone + aggressive hydration
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| Management of symptomatic simple breast cyst | Fine-needle aspiration
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| Management of breast cyst that is not fully resolved with fine-needle aspiration | Core-needle BX to evaluate for breast cancer
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| What is the cut-off length of diverticular abscess to in order to perform surgery? | 4 cm
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| What is the management of a diverticular abscess of >4cm? | Percutaneous drain under CT or u/s guidance
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| What is the most effective test/procedure for colorectal polyp evaluation? | Sigmoidoscopy
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| What is a surgical emergency compilation of C. difficile infection? | Toxic megacolon
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| When to suspect toxic megacolon in patient with C. difficile? | At moment diarrhea stops and the clinical symptoms worsen
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| Large defect hiatal hernias are seen with: | Herniate around the stomach and intraabdominal organs
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| What are the CXR findings of Para-esophageal hernia? | Retrocardiac air-fluid level within the thoracic cavity
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| What is the term for "effort rupture of the esophagus"? | Boerhaave syndrome
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| What is a complication of Boerhaave syndrome in terms of air leakage? | Full thickness perforation --> leakage of air --> pneumomediastinum
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| How is the air from Boerhaave syndrome physical examination described? | Suprasternal crepitus
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| How is esophageal rupture confirmed? | Esophagography or CT-scan using water-soluble contrast
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| What are the u/s findings of cholecystitis? | Gallbladder distension, pericholecystic fluid, and a thickened gallbladder wall
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| Management of symptomatic cholecystitis patients | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours
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| What is the most common complication in IBD patients, especially early-on disease progression? | Toxic megacolon
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| What is the management for IBD-induced Toxic Megacolon? | IV corticosteroids
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| What are the types of solid liver masses? | 1. Focal nodular hyperplasia
2. Hepatic adenoma
3. Regenerative nodules
4. Hepatocellular carcinoma
5. Liver metastasis
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| What are clues/associations for Focal Nodular hyperplasia? | 1. Anomalous arteries
2. Arterial flow and central scar on imaging
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| What are clues/associations for Hepatic adenoma? | - Women of long term OCPs
- ± hemorrhage or malignant transformation
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| What sort of solid liver mass is seen in acute or chronic liver injury (cirrhosis)? | Regenerative nodules
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| What are clues/association for HCC? | 1. systemic Si/Sx
2. Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis
3. ↑↑ α-fetoprotein
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| What is the most common liver mass? | Metastasis
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| Rectal prolapse clues: | 1. Red mass with concentric rings that occurs with Valsalva
2. Mucus discharge, abdominal pain and mass sensation
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| External hemorrhoid: | 1. Dusky/purple lump/polyp
2. ± itching and bleeding
3. Thrombosis: acute enlargement with pain
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| Internal hemorrhoid: | Intermittent itching, PAINLESS bleeding, leakage of stool
Digital exam can detect them or anoscopy
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| Contraindication for anoscopy evaluation in internal hemorrhoids | Prolapsed polyp
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| How is a Perianal abscess presented? | Fluctuant mass/swelling with erythema, Fever, and gradual onset
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| What shape have the anogenital warts? | Pink/flesh-colored papules with cauliflower.
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| What is the MC type of anorectal cancer? | Squamous cell anorectal carcinoma
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Created by:
rakomi
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